Fly Away Peter :: essays research papers

sincere JournalJim, Jim, Jim - thinking slightly the senseless murder of Jim by work force who never knew him or disliked him except for his nationality. I began to realise that the world is changing everyday and I cant stop it. I started to walk d avouch the undulating dunes of the gold coast towards the vast desolate beaches. My feet sunk down into the backbone and the thousands of tiny white sand grains slipped down into my shoes. I happen uponed the pounding marge and lay my equipment on the ground. Jim, Ashley and I whither completely different people in basis of our social standings that our undying love and pardon for the birds brought us together. Nothing could take that from us.All I could think of is, What am I doing, on this sphere they call Earth, why am I here and more importantly why was Jim taken off this planet. Is conduct a fable for something bigger and if so, what is it? There is some comfort that I feel subtle that Jim has gone to a better place, a place that he knows is a set apart haven. As I looked at the perfectly formed white and sedate dunes stretching endlessly along the coast I think of how transcendental and irenic the beach is compared to where Jim was before he died. When I think about the run through and lives that this war has ravaged, I feel like yelling out. I contemplate about how upset Jims father was when I saw him and I couldnt bear it, I felt like breaking down and weeping.The waves are the approximately perfect creation of God the ocean is one huge tribal sheik that rushes towards of beachfront, searching for a special place were they might show their power and life purpose. They may spend a lifetime roaming the ocean and when they finally reach the shore, their force spent and not even a single man may see it, and if so, is it a wasted wave? The power, force and beauty of those waves endure only a few seconds and yet how many humans appreciate those seconds. These thoughts that were roaming around in my head made me think of Jim and his life.To me, Jims life was a short but significant one. Where he touched so many of us, but mostly Ashleys and I. Whenever, I think of the first time I met Jim, I visualise a man who seemed so confident and always had his own firm opinions.Fly Away Peter essays research papers Dear JournalJim, Jim, Jim - thinking about the senseless murder of Jim by men who never knew him or disliked him except for his nationality. I began to realise that the world is changing everyday and I cant stop it. I started to stroll down the undulating dunes of the gold coast towards the vast desolate beaches. My feet sunk down into the sand and the thousands of tiny white sand grains slipped down into my shoes. I reached the pounding shore and lay my equipment on the ground. Jim, Ashley and I where completely different people in terms of our social standings but our undying love and compassion for the birds brought us together. Nothing could take that from us.All I could think of is, What am I doing, on this sphere they call Earth, why am I here and more importantly why was Jim taken off this planet. Is life a metaphor for something bigger and if so, what is it? There is some comfort that I feel knowing that Jim has gone to a better place, a place that he knows is a sacred haven. As I looked at the perfectly formed white and peaceful dunes stretching endlessly along the coast I think of how transcendental and peaceful the beach is compared to where Jim was before he died. When I think about the waste and lives that this war has ravaged, I feel like yelling out. I contemplate about how upset Jims father was when I saw him and I couldnt bear it, I felt like breaking down and weeping.The waves are the most perfect creation of God the ocean is one huge swell that rushes towards of beachfront, searching for a special place were they might show their power and life purpose. They may spend a lifetime roaming the ocean and when they finally reach th e shore, their force spent and not even a single man may see it, and if so, is it a wasted wave? The power, force and beauty of those waves last only a few seconds and yet how many humans appreciate those seconds. These thoughts that were roaming around in my head made me think of Jim and his life.To me, Jims life was a short but significant one. Where he touched so many of us, but mostly Ashleys and I. Whenever, I think of the first time I met Jim, I visualise a man who seemed so confident and always had his own firm opinions.

Public Schools Vs. Post-Cold War Military Spending :: essays research papers

Public Schools vs. Post- nipping War Military SpendingEven though the Cold War era is a distant memory, encased in glass forever like some museum piece, our governance is still spending as if the Soviet Union was in its prime. If the arms race is a forgotten memory, then why is the military still spending 86% of what it was spending during the Cold War. Its not that us Americans do not want a solid military, we just believe that our military is wasting billions of dollars at the expense of our childrens education and well being.50 years ago our country, and the entire world was in disparate bespeak of a strong U.S. military. We inflated our military budget, and gave the government and private businesses an enormous appetite. Without a major threat to the United States since the collapse of the Soviet Union, our government seems to be in competition with itself. 50 years ago we sent tons and tons of troops overseas to fight in a foreign land, while we pumped private businesses up with the manufacturing of military equipment. The need for such products and the need for an over-healthy military allowance is long gone. While we sunk billions after billions of taxpayers money on wars that we were boisterously proud to spend (it gave us all the prestige we could ever ask for), our Allies were investing in their childrens education and well being. The result now is that while we have the just about elite military capabilities, our childrens educational level is extremely under developed. European and Japanese children significantly outperform American children in math and high-ranking reading (NATIONAL CATHOLIC REPORTER NCR, 1999).This should not be too surprising, our children are studying history books that are from a decade ago. This creates difficult obstacles for our children to keep up on current politics and other global events. Also the over crowding of classrooms makes it extremely difficult for your child to get that personalized learning which whiteth orn determine his or her ability to learn at all. Every child learns at a different rate and possibly in different ways, this makes it closely impossible for teachers to tap into every childs full learning potential. If your child needs that extra, personalized attention, but is not "defined" as handicapped their specific learning needs will most likely be overlooked and that may be the beginning of your childs inability to learn.

Supply Chain Management :: Business Case Studies Essays

In this competitive world every organization is striving hard to be at the top in its hold field. The competition in the business environment has become intense. The winds of change are blowing in purchasing and put up. And it is one of the areas that the organisations look into for achieving competitive advantage.The changes in conformance prime(prenominal) standards, JIT approaches to material availability, long term relationships with fewer suppliers and a win-win approach to negotiations have helped organisations to survive and succeed in a very competitive world. Its every organisations hallucination to have a low cost supplier and a low cost service provider to its customers. In this changing world of competition, globalisation, innovation and engineering all organisations are thriving to re-engineer their business processes to achieve a competitive edge over others. These changes have led the organisations to cost effectiveness aspect in every department of business especi ally supply, purchasing, distribution and management.In terms of tough competition organisations offer similar products in terms of quality, price and features. node service differentiation can provide an organisation with a distinct advantage over the competition. The level of service provided to functions such as marketing and toil affects the organisations ability to serve the need of the customers. The organisation can achieve competitive success if they satisfy the customers through their services effectively and efficiently. This is achieved if they are capable of retaining their customers. A greater customer satisfaction is achieved by a superior service provided by the organisation. This is achieved if the business functions are well defined and are supported by other functions. This report gives an insight just about the various aspects of supply chain management and operational management and also the important strategies involved. It also explains the importance of man aging the supply chain in the business perspective.vBefore proceeding further its important for us to know what supply chain is and what supply chain is about?Supply chain In an industrialized or non-industrialized society goods are physically moved from production area to the service area. This exchange takes place when in that location is discrepancy between the amount and type of goods available and the goods needed. If there is surplus amount of goods in organisation that someone else needs, becomes a basis for exchange. This gives rise to convey where there is an exchange between producers and consumers. The alignment of firms that bring products and services to market is called supply chain.

Focus Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

FocusEveryone has problems concentrating once in a while, moments when the words on the page dont seem nearly as interesting as ones own thoughts. Most everyone has days when they feel an unexplained burst of exuberance or restlessness . Maybe it was a promotion or a messy break up, but the work just wouldnt get do and not for lack of trying. Now imagine everyday like this, every day change with frenetic energy that jackpotnot seem to be channeled into anything productive. Sure it might be fun for a while, but what about when you really need to get something done and it doesnt happen. You go to clean your room, and six hours later there are still piles of clothing on the floor. You cant recall what it is that youve been doing all afternoon. All you know is that zippo got done. You go to read a book, but the words dissolve into marks on the page, patterns which make no logical sense, providing only the background for another representation of staring off into space. You go to vi sit a friend, but she quickly tires of the way you seem to constantly interrupt her. You were listening to what she said, but you just got in the principal of her somehow and started talking over her. You find yourself depressed and isolated. This is the world of someone who suffers from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. (1,2) According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders, make by the American Psychiatric Association as the main set of guidelines for diagnosing mental disorders in the USA, there are four main subtypes of attention deficit disorder inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, combined, and not otherwise specified. The symptomology of each include 1. ADHD-Inattentive* a. Fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mi... ...s not necessarily all bad. By entertaining a greater range of stimuli, ADHD can make the person seem more creative and free thinking. Nevertheless, lacking the ability to the right way focus ones attentio n, the sufferer will also find him or herself at a serious disadvantage on a very fundamental level, which can effect his or her social, scholastic, and emotional life. Thus drug and behavioral therapies are a god-send to many families. Ritalin, as well as Dexedrine and Cylert, etc., should be carefully considered, then carefully monitored if the decision is made to try them. Attention deficit is not an easy thing with which to live, but if found and treated, the person can lead an entirely normal and happy life. Sources Consultedhttp//www.mentalhealth.com/drug/p30-r03.htmlhttp//www.newideas.net/p0000409.htmhttp//www.breggin.com/ritalinbkexcerpt.html

Depth Perception, an Inborn Skill? :: essays research papers

In 1960, Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk conducted an experiment to see whether depth perception is an inborn or a learn skill in humans. They conducted their experiment with a table that had a thick glass surface on half of the table and a solid tush on the other(a) half. This created an illusion of a small driblet without the dangers of actually falling. In this experiment, infants ranging from the age of 6 to 14 months were placed on the solid berth of the table. The infants mothers were placed on the other side of table and were there to coax the infants to the other side. Of the 30 infants tested, 27 of them crossed the glass surface when called while that 3 refused. Gibson and Walk conducted the same experiment on newborn chickens and goats with astonishing results. When chickens and goats were placed on the solid side, not a single one of them make an error to cross the cliff. The same test was conducted on baby rats whose results fared far worse than the results of the chickens and goats. The rats fared worse because they are nocturnal animals who rely on other senses other than vision to direct them. From this experiment, Gibson and Walk concluded that depth perception was inborn to all animals and humans by the time they achieve independent movement. This is in the expression of chickens and goats at birth and for humans at around 6 months of age.The results of Gibson and Walks experiment are very questionable because their control group did not consist of any socially dependant animals. Infants are socially dependent of their mother for survival and nurturing throughout their childhood. Gibson and Walk should have conducted their control experiment on socially dependant animals such as elephants or cheetahs instead of animals that do not rely heavily on their caretaker. In 1985, Sorce, Emde, Campos, and Klinnert conducted the same visual cliff experiment with human infants and their mothers. This time, the mother was instructed to maintain an expression of fear or happiness on the other side of the cliff.

Depth Perception, an Inborn Skill? :: essays research papers

In 1960, Eleanor Gibson and Richard pass conducted an try out to see whether depth perception is an inborn or a learned skill in existence. They conducted their experiment with a table that had a thick glass surface on half of the table and a solid base on the separate half. This created an deceit of a small cliff without the dangers of actually falling. In this experiment, infants ranging from the age of 6 to 14 months were placed on the solid side of the table. The infants captures were placed on the other side of table and were there to coax the infants to the other side. Of the 30 infants tested, 27 of them crossed the glass surface when called while only 3 refused. Gibson and Walk conducted the akin experiment on newborn chickens and goats with astonishing results. When chickens and goats were placed on the solid side, not a single one of them made an error to cross the cliff. The selfsame(prenominal) test was conducted on baby rats whose results fared far worse than th e results of the chickens and goats. The rats fared worse because they are nocturnal animals who rely on other senses other than vision to direct them. From this experiment, Gibson and Walk concluded that depth perception was inborn to all animals and humans by the time they achieve independent movement. This is in the case of chickens and goats at birth and for humans at around 6 months of age.The results of Gibson and Walks experiment are very questionable because their control group did not consist of any socially dependant animals. Infants are socially dependent of their mother for survival and nurturing throughout their childhood. Gibson and Walk should have conducted their control experiment on socially dependant animals such as elephants or cheetahs instead of animals that do not rely heavily on their caretaker. In 1985, Sorce, Emde, Campos, and Klinnert conducted the same visual cliff experiment with human infants and their mothers. This time, the mother was instructed to m aintain an expression of fear or happiness on the other side of the cliff.

Foundations of Group Behavior Essay

Groups can be as small(a) as two people or as big as the number whitethorn r each(prenominal) tied(p) in hundreds of thousands. They argon formed for different reasons and serve different benefits to their members and similarly to their organizations. However, there whitethorn be near drawbacks overly as it get out be seen in this paper. Formal and informal Groups Groups can be divided into two types Formal congregations and Informal congregationings. Formal mathematical groups ar those groups which break been recognized and created by the organization. (Robbins 2004, p. 164) They have a longer lifespan and have a more formal expression.They in any fibre have detail jobs that argon to be handled and the efforts of the group be directed in such a way that they will lead to the accomplishment of the organizations objectives. (Robbins 2004, p. 164) These groups are formed after extensive planning regarding their volume and constitution of the group. Waiters in a restau rant can be thought of as a formal group. On the a nonher(prenominal) hand, informal groups are groups that are not do formally by the organization and do not have a specific structure that is recognized by the organization. (Robbins 2004, p.164)These can be formed by social interaction between workers in an organization and can be diverse in their nature in any sense. For example, four employees who met in the canteen can develop a sort of relationship with each other although they may not be required to interact with each other to accomplish any organizational objectives. This group has formed without any formal structure that can be identified in the organizational structure and is an example of an informal group. Command, Task, Interest, and Friendship Groups Groups can in addition be categorized into command groups, business groups, interest groups, or acquaintance groups.(Robbins 2004, p. 164) Command groups are created formally and they are recognized in the organization al hierarchical structure. These groups comprise of members who are answerable to angiotensin converting enzyme manager. Although task groups are also made by the organization and interact to achieve organizational objectives, their members are not always answerable to their immediate managers. Workers who primarily report to different managers can be combined by an organization to accomplish a certain task and during this task, these individual members can skip the skipper organizational hierarchy if required.For example, an organization can ask employees from the software development aggroup to interact with members of the human resources team to decide or so vacancies in the organization. two command groups and task groups are types of formal groups as both of these groups are formed formally to achieve organizational objectives. On the other hand, an interest group is a type of an informal group that can be formed to achieve virtually particular goal that has a common int erest for all of the group members. (Robbins 2004, p. 164) For example, a few workers can join hands to ask for a salary increment.Similarly, friendship groups can also be categorized as a type of informal groups as they are formed by members who dispense some common characteristics that led them to develop friendship with each other. (Robbins 2004, p. 164) Moreover, friendship groups can also interact outside the dimensions of the piece of work. Both interest groups and friendship groups are types of informal groups as they are not made formally by the organization, are not recognized by the organizational structure, and do not necessarily meet to accomplish organizational objectives.The aim of informal groups is more inclined(p) towards fulfilling social requirements of the individuals in the group. (Robbins 2004, p. 164) However, the relationship between members of informal groups has significant impacts on their work accomplishment and their actions. A group in the past was usually associated with some social activity where a number of people from the society would join each other for a specific reason. These social alliances, widely kn birth as informal groups, fulfill the social needs of the members.In interest groups, society members from different fields join each other for vested interests while friendship groups are characterized by the common characteristic(s) of the members. The member of these groups may meet in health clubs, cafe, and public parks and so on. Since these groups lack a formal structure and rules and guidelines, the chances of contradicts are high but once the members get along, the group may be able to fight for their interest even in the worst situations. External and versed Factors affecting GroupsWhen we hear the word group, we infer it to a collection of people in an organization that work together to achieve a desired specific goal. These are the groups in which the members are confined to work within the boundaries of organizationally set guidelines and rules to achieve a goal or number of goals. They may attend the problems of metre limitations, resource(s) restriction, or the group may not be empowered with authority to make decisions on its own, or the organizational culture may not be aligned to that of the group.Similarly, the organizations selection and rewarding policies may affect the performance of the groups as groups are composed of personnel that are chartered and rewarded by the organization. These limitations are not under the groups control and can be called as the external factors affecting the groups performance. national factors affecting the groups performance may be those factors that form the structure of the group. The reason is that these factors affect the behavior of the members.Group leaders that serve as a mentor, facilitator, conflict manager, and so on may bring about the desired changes in the members behavior and hence may increase the groups performance. Tuckma ns Five-Stage Model It was in 1965 that Bruce Tuckman revealed his four-stage model comprising of Forming, Storming, Norming, execute. Afterwards, he added a fifth stage, Adjourning, too to his original four-stage model. (Clark 2005, n. p. ) (Clark 2005, n. p. ) Forming Forming is the first stage where individuals in a group get acquainted with each other.In the beginning, the group members are careful not to show any behavior that may be considered as un delightful for a group behavior. For example, at this stage, a group member may refrain from pointing out mistakes of some other member as he baron be afraid that it can give rise to some conflict. During this stage, members interact with each other to exchange basic concepts and primary matters. It can be catchy to figure out all of the problems at this stage as individuals within the group can get distracted by the different situations in which they castigate to adjust themselves.(Clark 2005, n. p. ) Therefore, only minimal progress is bring home the bacon as far as the accomplishment of organizational objectives is concerned, but this is normal at this stage. (Clark 2005, n. p. ) This phase ends when individuals within the group begin to perceive themselves as constituents of the team. (Robbins 2004, p. 165) Storming During the next stage, storming, group members gradually realize that they have achieved little so far. Each and every member has his own lores of how things should be done and a suitable knowledge sharing environment is not formed yet.This can be considered the most troublesome phase as members start to recognize that the jobs to be done are not as easy as they seemed previously. Interactions with other team members are often limited to arguments about what should the group do as a whole. (Clark 2005, n. p. ) Conflicts may arise as team members do not want to have their individual freedom limited. (Robbins 2004, p. 165) At this stage, members do not trust others and do what seems appro priate with respect to their own experience. (Clark 2005, n. p. ) A lot of energy is absquatulated in these issues and not much is attained during this stage.However, members start to develop a mutual understanding amongst themselves. This stage ends when an obvious and established hierarchy of command forms inside the team. (Robbins 2004, p. 165) Norming The next stage is Norming where the group begins to share information with each other. Good associations build up amongst employees and the team shows cohesiveness. (Robbins 2004, p. 165) Members resolve their conflicts and collaborate with each other. During this phase, members also start to criticize others in a arable way so that the criticism benefits instead of creating conflicts.For example, a senior member can explain the correct way of doing a job to his juniors while reinforcement arguments from researches published in peer-reviewed journals. At the same cartridge holder, the senior member can brief the juniors about t he consequences of doing things wrong and the benefits of doing things in the righteousness way. Junior members are also more likely to listen as they start realizing the importance of achieving organizational objectives while workings in groups. As conflicts are parryed and minimized, most of the energy and while is spent on accomplishing organizational objectives.This phase ends when team members develop an attitude that matches the members mutual perception of acceptable group behavior. Performing The fourth stage Performing begins with members having developed good relationships with each others. Now, team members can identify problems, solve them, and implements the alterations successfully. Finally, group members have learned about the strong points and weak points of their fellow members. (Clark 2005, n. p. ) The group begins to perform very well and is now a successful and cohesive group. This is the final phase for enduring work groups although temporary work groups hav e another phase.Adjourning The last stage, which is for temporary work groups like task groups, is known as Adjourning. (Clark 2005, n. p. ) The work is wrapped up in this final stage. Some team members are happy due to the accomplishment of the task. Others may be sad to leave their fellows with whom they had developed cordial relationships. Some relationships may even continue even though the team may be dissolved. Roles The roles that are played by team members also affects their behavior as different teams are formed for different reasons and thus demands different behaviors in different situations.Several characteristics may always be associated with a role and these make the role identity. Similarly ones perception of how to yield in a certain situation and others expectations of a certain behavior in a situation may also mould ones behavior. This phenomenon of Role Expectation is visible in the real life where employees and employers form expectations for each others. (Robbi ns 2004, p. 169) Failure of exposing an expected behavior by any party may cause damage by bringing about an undesired behavioral change that might not be acceptable by the other party.Managing divergent role expectations arising from different employees and employers can result in a role conflict where meeting the role expectations of one group member may hinder with meeting the role expectations of other members, and this situation results in frustration for the group members. (Robbins 2004, p. 169) Norms and Status The norms that a group possesses explain its members how to behave in a different situations and thus should be possessed by all the members to avoid conflicts. For example the performance norms tell members how to work, how much efforts to put, how to increase productiveness and so on.The appearance norms include things like appropriate dress code whereas social arrangement norms fulfill the social needs within the work groups by creating social interaction among memb ers. (Robbins 2004, p. 169) Then there are allocation of resources norms that demands members to avoid wastage of time and resources and tells about salary and job. Working in groups also comes with problems called deviant workplace behavior where other members disturb others by a number of ways like harassment, verbal abuse, spreading rumors, stealing their goods and so on. Such behaviors may even make a member not only to leave a group but to leave the job.We see many women who leave their jobs as their oldtimer or colleagues sexually harass them. These behaviors are found to be prevailing in people that have been members of groups whose norms support such behavior. Managers should plan and work to avoid such behaviors so that group members do not have to leave their group/job or reduce their efforts. Status as it affects ones norms also affects ones behavior. and this deviation should not be so much that other group members feel that they are treated unequally as it may affect their productiveness and thus may decline the group performance.This decline in productivity is not just because of members sense of equity but also depends on the cultures to which they belong which consequently affect how they value status. Size, Composition, and Cohesiveness As far as the size of the group is concerned, it may not be the right predictor of a groups success or failure as difference in size depends on the goal to be achieved. turn small groups are good for short time projects, bigger groups are required when diverse objectives are to be achieved. Moreover, the composition of groups affects their performance directly.Evidence shows that diversified groups outperform homogeneous groups but in return they take more time as members need to adjust and understand each other. (Robbins 2004, p. 174) Same is the case with groups composed of diverse national or cultured members. But as the gap between members having common attribute(s) increases, the group productivity dec reases. Cohesiveness is also an classical feature of groups. It is the tendency to which members are attracted to each other and thus stimulated to work together.It affects the group performance and thus its productivity for the performance related norms are high, cohesive groups will perform highly. (Robbins 2004, p. 175) Cohesiveness can be increased by providing a broader span of time so that members spend more time the size of the group should be reduced as smaller groups make interaction easy. Group Decision Making Groupthink Irving (1972, 1982) came up with the revolutionizing concept of groupthink that is related with the group decision making strategies. (qtd. In Universiteit Twente 2004, n. p.)This theory proposes that a group may develop itself in such a way that preserving the integrity of the group may become important than accepting and implementing real facts and optimal solutions. This situation usually takes place when a team is extremely cohesive in its nature, and is led by an authoritative leader where criticism and conflicting opinions are not welcomed. (Universiteit Twente 2004, n. p. ) There are a few drawbacks of having this approach of group decision making. Firstly, the team will restrict itself to only a handful of alternatives.The solution that is proposed initially and is accepted by the majority is not subject to criticism and arguments that may identify some complicated problems. Moreover, opinions from professionals are not valued very much. Lastly, the team becomes so overconfident of its practices and opinions that contingency plans are not made. (Universiteit Twente 2004, n. p. ) Therefore, groupthink can hinder the overall performance of the team significantly. (Robbins 2004, p. 179) Group Decision-making Techniques Brainstorming In brainstorming, the team leader may mention the problem in a clear-cut way to all members.Afterwards, each member comes up with his own ideas to solve the problem. It is essential during this stag e that members do not criticize each other. All the solutions proposed by members are noted big bucks so that they can be thoroughly hash outed in future. (Robbins 2004, p. 181) One obvious advantage of this approach is that one opinion from a member gives rise to a number of opinions and members also come up with out-of-the-box ideas as criticism does not prevail. However, according to one research, members may still hold some ideas faring criticism from others although it is understandably mentioned and understood that no one will criticize.(Sample 1984, n. p. ) Nominal Group Technique In the Nominal Group Technique, employees join together as a team to solve the problem, but instead of sharing their opinions with each others, they just do brainstorming on an individual basis and note down their own ideas and solutions to the problem. Afterwards, members discuss their ideas one by one with others and each idea is discussed, clarified, and assessed. Then, on an individual basis a gain, members rank the ideas and solutions without consulting others. The solutions that are ranked higher by the majority are taken as the final group decision.(Robbins 2004, p. 181) One problem with this approach is opinions of members do not converge and the whole process may seem too mechanical. (Sample 1984, n. p. ) Conclusion When people work in groups, their analytical abilities enhances and they think of one thing in different aspects and since members in group are diverse, many parvenu ways of doing a task can be sought. At the same time, those ways can be analyzed and assessed from different perspectives. Another reason for a group may be efficiency as a group can work faster.The chances of errors also reduce in groups as members look at minute details which might be ignored if the task was to be done by a single person. Time is another reason for working in groups. Time is saved when people work in groups. Also decision made by a group is usually better than that made by a single person as a group considers different aspects and follow the technique of brainstorming. Data gathering becomes easy in groups as diverse people collect the diverse data which makes the work easy. Groups are now vital to an organizations success.They not only save time and other resources but also result in a better decision, but while forming a group, care should be taken as conflict may take place among member which eventually may decline the group performance and productivity and thus not only may waste money but also time and energy that might have been used effectively.Bibliography Clark, D. (2005, September 29) Matrix Teams Internet. Available from Accessed 15 Sep 2007 Janis, I. L. (1972) Victims of Groupthink. Boston Houghton Mifflin. Janis, I. L. (1982) Groupthink, second Edition. Boston Houghton Mifflin.Robbins, Stephen P. , (2004) Chapter Eight Foundations of Group Behavior, Organizational Behavior, 11th Edition Internet. Prentice Hall. Available from Accessed 15 Sep 2007 Sample, J. A. (1984) Nominal Group Technique An Alternative to Brainstorming. daybook of Extension, 22(2) Internet. Available from Accessed 15 Sep 2007 Universiteit Twente (09/06/2004) Groupthink Internet. Available from Accessed 15 Sep 2007

Elementary Education Essay

It may seem difficult for some to see h anest how teaching can become an ultimate pedigree for myself, let alone anyone for that matter. It is easy to see why certain people have this kind of thinking of this profession. For one, depending on the c areer path and position, the salary is non very enticing in proportion to the work that is required. It is a thankless job at propagation and requires a lot of patience. Yet at that place are certain intangibles that make teaching the ultimate profession for me.The simple fact that as a instructor I will have the opportunity to get in touch with and shape the mind of todays youth to allow them to see the extraordinary opportunities for them in this world is worth to a greater extent than any remuneration that the job can provide. The satisfaction from being able to help young children fulfill their dreams and arrive at their full potential is something that cannot be measured by dollars and cents. This is where my educational phil osophy comes from. I have al expressive styles believed that there is no other better way to learn than by teaching.Many people say that you lean best by studying yet I disagree and say that one eer learns best when teaching. Education is a two way street. The student learns from the teacher and the teacher learns about the student and more about life. Often times, the problem is that there is a communication barrier that exists between students and teachers. This makes it more difficult to impart anything upon the student because they are not as receptive. Another aspect that makes it more repugn arises from the fact that the learning curve that the teacher adopts may not necessarily be the one best suited for the student.This is often the case when there is no communication between the student and the teacher as caused by this carrier. For this reason, I believe that a lot of the teaching and learning must(prenominal) be go with with a certain level of respect in order to allo w free intercourse of ideas that develop the learning. This approach, I believe, makes the teaching environment more generative as it cultivates respect for the teacher and the student. There is no greater joy in life than knowing as a teacher that you have do something to change the life of another.The development of the child is paramount in education. This development, however, is not only with regard to certain matters or fields of study but is more holistic in the sense that it challenges the child to not be content with what was learned but instead yearn for more. In child development, the teacher must always strive to make the child want to learn more. It is this type of preparation that aids in the development of the child. The role of teachers then becomes important in the context of child development because teachers need to understand what they are supposed to do.Many people have the mistaken impression that as teachers their role is to scarcely provide the student with information. The problem with this is that it imparts a static education. In order to become more effective as a teacher, one must elucidate that the role of the teacher is not to teach everything to the child but to equip the child to be able to learn more on his own. Teachers are guides. Teachers are not encyclopedias that just dispense any information at hand. Teachers should know that their role is to inspire in the child the desire to pursue higher learning. teaching method is a noble profession. In the hands of the teachers are entrusted the future of todays youth. This important position in society is one that must not be taken lightly and must be revered. Yet in order for this to happen, a teacher must realize the importance of his or her job and the responsibilities that accompany such a privileged and indispensable role in society. To lead the children on that first step to a higher education is one of the greatest accomplishments that a teacher can hope to do.

Expository Essay on Early Childhood Education Essay

This essay is on Early Childhood Education. Early Childhood Education is a very important course of instruction for children. Without a substantial preschool syllabus children are set up to fail. For those of you who are looking for a way to give your child or children a hawkish edge Early Childhood Education is the way to go. Children that go through an Early Childhood Education program will not wear to refer about the effects the program has on their future collegiate experience.The lack of preschool experience can lead to poor school adjustment outcomes such(prenominal) as school failure, unemployment, and poverty. Studies of a wide variety of programs such as Head Start, Even Start, Flow Through, Learning to Learn and other model programs have shown that one or two years of preschool can improve childrens school readiness, early scholastic achievement, and school competence such as light grade retention and special fostering placement. Research supports the effects of pres chool programs on long term outcomes such as reduced school dropout rates (Berrueta Clement, Schweinhart, Barnett, Epstein, & Weikart, 1984 Reynolds 1994 Schweinhart, Barnes, & Weikart 1993) . With such interrogation and evidence I strongly believe Early Childhood Education is the most important way a parent or withstander can kick start a childs education. Not only does Early Childhood Education affect academics it also affects the economy.The conventional fancy of economic development typically includes company plate, office towers, entertainment centers, and professional sports stadiums and arenas. (Art Rolnick Senior Vice President and Director of Research Rob Grunewald, Regional economic Analyst Federal admit Bank of Minneapolis, 2003) In laymens terms this means that we typically see economic development as anything ranging from company headquarters to professional sports stadiums and arenas.Any proposed economic development list should have early puerility development at the top. The return on investment from early childhood development is extraordinary. It results in better working public schools, more educated workers and less crime. High quality early childhood education is essential to a childs preparation for school. What is more, quality early education is inextricably tied to the workforcethe training, preparation and working conditions of those who provide care.Public policy decisions that prioritize resource availability for developing, implementing and monitoring a high quality early childhood care and education system are almost invariably affected by budgetary and regulatory constraints. In other words the budget and regulatory constraints decide the priority of early childhood care and education. In my imprint this is how early childhood education affects the economy. Not only does early childhood education have impact on academics and the economy it also has impact on childrens socialization.Preschool experiences are designed t o provide cognitive and social enrichment during early childhood development. As the pressures on preschools to prepare children for school mount, there is growing learning that this involves both exposure to pre-academic Social-Emotional Effects of Tulsa Pre-K 2105 learning and support for the range of capacities that enable children to engage in learning, attend to instruction, interact effectively with teachers and peers, and manage themselves with growing liberty in the classroom (Raver & Knitzer, 2002). So this is how I believe early childhood education has an impact on childrens socialization. Going through all of the research on this subject reinforced to me how important early childhood education really is. Early Childhood Education is a very important program for children. Without a substantial preschool program children are set up to fail. Just to refresh your memory the main points in this essay were that early childhood education affects academics, the economy, and ch ildrens socialization. References Fred C. Lunenburg.Center for Research and Doctoral Studies in Educational Leadership Sam Houston State University Gormley Jr. , W. T. , Phillips, D. A. , Newmark, K. , Welti, K. , & Adelstein, S. (2011). Social-Emotional Effects of Early Childhood Education Programs in Tulsa. Child Development, 82(6), 2095-2109. doi10. 1111/j. 1467-8624. 2011. 01648. x Art Rolnick Senior Vice President and Director of Research Rob Grunewald Regional Economic Analyst Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis (Raver & Knitzer, 2002). (Berrueta Clement, Schweinhart, Barnett, Epstein, & Weikart, 1984 Reynolds 1994 Schweinhart, Barnes, & Weikart 1993).

Olive Senior Essay

Olive elderberry bush is a Jamaican poet of high repute and is the author of Gardening in the Tropics. In this poetry volume precedential seeks to tackle history, moral issues, travel and environmental crises. Seniors poems are pervaded with irony, humour and sarcasm and her tone is conversational and calm. Seniors style of writing aids in creating a diacritic enunciate which is evident in the poems eyesight the Light, Meditation on color and Stowaway.Senior in an interview with Kwame Dawes entitled Talk Yuh Talk admits that she has been haunted by the absence of the Tainos and was always unsatisfied with the image of the Tainos being a simple group of people that existed before Columbus arrival and then they suddenly became extinct. Her interest in the Tainos is evident in her poems Meditation on chickenhearted and Seeing the Light where she sows seeds of preaching to the colonial notions that the Europeans achieved anything positive in their conquest.The poem Seeing the Lig ht speaks to the destruction of the Caribbean by the Europeans. Their conquest to the New World/Caribbean was aimed at introducing finish to the Taino society and Christianity through evangelism. Au contraire, their conquest terminated the lives of the Tainos and resulted in severe deforestation. Senior employs a bracketed aside to express regaining discourse to the productivity of the European systems. (Though in their chronicles they may have recorded it by another(prenominal) name Conquista?Evangelismo? Civilizacion? ) Senior manipulates Spanish diction which is the tongue of the European colonizers to embellish her argument of counter discourse by mocking and criticizing them. The question marks are utilized to interrogate the Europeans. Additionally, Senior skilfully exploits rhetorical questions to challenge and cast on disbelieve on the religion of the Europeans and supplement the counter discourse. The speaker proceeds to ask Why did those who speak of Light wear black, t he colour mourning?Why was their visage so grave? Why on a dead tree did they nail the bringer of Light, One Cristo, torture and kill him and then ask us to come, deviate down and wor transmit him? These questions subtly enhance the cynical tone of the speaker. The third question is the most crucial as it is a direct counter discourse to the Europeans religion and beliefs. The speaker wants to know why the Europeans would kill Jesus Christ, who they wor channel and then ask the Tainos to bow down and worship him.Furthermore, Meditation on Yellow centers around the theme of exploitation and this relates to the Tainos, Africans and contemporary worker, for example in the tourism industry. Senior deploys a bracketed aside (for heat engenders gold and fires the brain) this clears an extremely sarcastic and fine tone that interrogates the colonial narratives and seeks to question the motives of the Europeans and reveal their lust and desire for gold and their resultant insanity.Seni or puts to use appropriate lineation which separates the innocent and peaceful record of the Tainos from the lustful and insane Europeans. The break makes the distinction between the two groups and adds performativity. In addition, there is usage of pun and humour in the lines a bit simple despite your vast holdings the tone is sarcastic and it emphasizes that despite the Europeans immense possessions they cannot hold it in corresponding waste.Moreover, the bracketed aside (though I was gratified to note that despite the release in our skins our piss was exactly the same shade of yellow, is used to symbolize equality through urine and the diction piss is extremely crude. In the lines I wished for you a sudden enlightenment that is ironic because the Europeans thought that they had brought or were bringing enlightenment to the Tainos, however it was the Tainos this barbaric group of people who wanted to remind them of their location.The voice is again critical and sarcastic as th ere is counter discourse to the notion that the Europeans were more enlightened and knowledgeable than the Tainos. In these two poems Olive Senior is the vox populi. She has given a voice to the Tainos and Africans whose thoughts have been suppressed and effectively offers a afro -centric perspective to the historical events involving the Europeans and natives. In addition, Stowaway explores the journey of a man who decides to stowaway on a ship to a foreign country for a better life.The diction in this poem mimics a monologue as the contributor feels like they are being spoken to. A double entendre appears in the first line, theres this much space between me and discovery this pun makes the reader aware that the traveller has no space around him and that he will soon be discovered. This pun brings to light the terrifying condition aboard the ship and the uncertainty of the travel time. The repetition of I creates a distinctive voice and adds an element of performativity to the poe m. One day light will enter this grave is another double entendre conveying the idea that the man will soon be caught or he will soon discover this new land/territory. engrave is a metaphor for the ship and is a symbol of darkness and hence there is a biblical allusion to the resurrection of Jesus Christ. The tone created is one of isolation, fear and care which accompanies the theme of travel especially in this case as an undeclared passenger a stowaway.When the speaker decides to just settle down and wait for the ship to dock his tone becomes calm and relaxed, the tempo is slowed down in contrast to the erratic and frenzied rhythm before. Olive Senior employs various poetic devices to wit bracketed aside, metaphor, irony and double entendre to skilfully create distinctive voice in her poems with the aid of her effective and stylistic diction and lineation to create counter discourse. She blends these devices and techniques to create tones which contribute to her distinctive voi ce.

On Being Sane in Insane Places Essay

Have you ever been in a confrontation with virtuallyone where they finish with calling you a lunatic, crazy, or insane? It does not feel too neat. But at least you know you atomic number 18 sane, and to everyone else around you, you seem normal. force out you walk down the street and visibly see a difference between a sane and insane someone? There are some people however that are permanently labelled as abnormal or insane. These people are diagnosed as mentally ill and are everlastingly stigmatized and in some cases, dehumanized because of such labeling. Is it easy to distinguish the sane from the insane, or is it in fact the environment and contexts in which observers find these people? David L. Rosenhan formulate an experiment to investigate if psychiatrists could identify the difference between people who are mentally ill and those who are not. According to Rosenhan, there are a great deal of actioning data on the reliability, utility, and meaning of such terms as sanity , insanity normality and abnormality are not universal (Rosenhan, 1973, pg.310). Rosenhan organise a group of 8 people who attempt to gain admission to 12 different hospitals across the United States.The psuedopatients each(prenominal) claimed of having textbook symptoms of schizophrenia. Once admitted, the psuedopatients each described their histories truthfully, and they strongly biased the subsequent results favor of detecting sanity (pg.313). Each psuedopatient ceased simulating any symptoms of abnormality (pg.313). Nursing reports obtained that each pseudopatient exhibited no abnormal indications (pg.313). The number length of hospitalization was 19 days, and upon discharge, each psuedopatient had a case summary written. All of the summaries were unintentionally distorted by the staff to achieve consistency with a popular theory of the dynamics of schizophrenic reaction (pg.316). Each psuedopatient upon discharge was reported as in remission, not cured, which perpetuates the negative label. These ascribed labels are permanent, and puts the diagnosed person at a disadvantage forever. People diagnosed as mentally ill are treated differently, in most cases they are treated as iftheir thoughts and opinions cannot be believe or taken seriously. This is not fair, nor is it accurate. There is an enormous overlap in the behaviors of the sane and the insane(pg.318). The sane are not always sane, similarly, the insane are not always insane(pg.318).While reading this article, I was reminded about the homeless, and that many people assume that just because they are homeless, they are likely to fool a mental illness. Now I see why many people assume this the reason is the environment and contexts that civilians see these homeless people in. It is come-at-able that some of these people are mentally ill, but it is more likely that they are in their position because of other reasons. From a sociological perspective, this experiment highlights the conflict perspecti ve. In class, we have discussed how power is the core of all social relationships, all social systems feature a superordinate group and a subordinate group. In mental institutions, as well as in the public, conflict perspective is conveyed via sane people discriminating the allegedly insane people. Psychiatrists, nurses, and even civilians are supra the mentally ill, because they are sane while the insane are incapable of having valid opinions. Power is scarce, and everyone wants some of it, and unfortunately this permanent label is debilitating for the person who is marked with it, leaving them with little hope of upward mobility in our society.ReferencesRosenhan, David L, (1973). On Being Sane in Insane Places. 310-321

WAC analysis

Dry. Nearnesss Dilemma Written Analysis and Communication I Rushing Patella (Section D) Submitted to Proof. Rhino Patella Mrs.. Paola Thomas on July 2nd, 2011 Indian Institute of Management, Mohammedan. Letter of Transmittal TO Dry. Meridian Indian Medical (Asides) College (MIMIC) Achaean, Tamil Nadia Subject Suggested course of action for Dry. Meridian Dear Dry. Meridian, Attached herewith is a short report analyzing the various alternatives available to you in response to Dry. Ramparts request regarding acquiring and commercialism patent on his query.After evaluation of various options, the recommended elution Is to sign an transcription with a manufacturer and gain yearbook royalties on sales of medicine. Detailed analysis is presented in the report attached herewith. Regards, Rushers Patella student, WIMP Jan 5th, 2011 Executive compend The key problem to be addressed is how to respond to the request made by fellow faculty member Dry. Earmark to ensure the intellectual place protection and centralization of his formulation targeting coronary atherosclerosis and what might be the possible repercussions of the decision on MIMIC and Asides medicine system.The Recommendation 9 act Plan 9 Exhibits. Situation Analysis Indian Medical College (MIMIC) was established in 2004 in Achaean (Tamil Nadia) to be a centre of excellence in Asides medicine by imparting higher education, promoting its use and researching various aspects of it. The key problem is the proposal put forth by Dry. Earmark to MIMIC cardinal months ago in early October 2010 that MIMIC should ensure the patenting and commercialism of his herb-mineral cardiovascularAsides formulation that feces be used for the treatment of coronary atherosclerosis. It has 90% chances of securing intellectual spot rights as per a legal firm. The unique selling propositions of the formulation include non-invasive technique, cost- effectiveness, no side effects and reduction in need of vascular extents. Thus, it can be expected to fall in a great acceptance in grocery. It is understandable that the way this proposal is handled shall not only affect Dry. Earmark, MIMIC and its staff but also impact the future of Asides medicine system.The decision might impact the deuce referrers researching in aneurysm and treatment of septa defects and also the future of research activities at the institute. It is also true that validating gastric procedures and preparations may serve as a means to motivate other faculty members as well. look at Dry. Ramparts past record of developing useful modified gastric formulations which included a successful preparation for infertility, his new formulation can be safely presumed to be equally useful.The information sheet he provided shows that the formulation has been through animal toxicity study and was also tried on patients compliant successful results. No Asides medicine has the acceptance of Asides medicine by alternative systems of medicine. The patenti ng of a Asides medicine backed by evidence of safety analysis would be a major leap towards recognition as a globally-accepted medicine system. The solutions provided by a couple of management education students seem to be quite an useful but need to be carefully evaluated to mystify out the most optimal route and what might be its possible repercussions.The Problem To find the most optimal solution to Dry. Ramparts proposal, keeping in mind, the interests of MIMIC, its staff and Asides medicine system. The Options The various alternatives that can be considered include 1. Turning down(p) Dry. Ramparts proposal or 2. Directly transferring the rights to a third political party for a one-time licensing fee or 3. Using a registered pharmaceutical setup to manufacture the medicine, but do the trade itself or 4. Signing an agreement with a manufacturer and gain annual royalties on sales of medicine.Criteria for Evaluation Criteria in descending order of preferences a. Impact on Asid es medicine Mimic interests lies in promotion of Asides medicine and hence, is the most important criterion. B. hobby of MIMIC MIMIC mandate has to e followed and the interests of MIMIC & staff have to be protected. C. Profitability higher(prenominal) profitability shall help in development of institute and promote further research in Asides medicine. Evaluation of Options 1. Turning down Dry. Ramparts proposal a. Impact on Asides medicine There shall be no apparent effect as such.But, the golden opportunity to foray into the global market and getting recognition amongst the conventional medicine systems shall be missed. B. Interest of MIMIC Dry. Earmark shall be utterly disappointed with MIMIC and also the other two professors shall also feel denominated. C. Profitability The institute shall not be able to capitalize on the commercial benefits on the formulation. 2. Directly transferring the rights to a third party for a one-time licensing fee Asides product. No significant credit of success shall go to MIMIC or Dry.Earmark as all the rights over the patent are turn over over. B. Interest of MIMIC Transferring the license will not let MIMIC commercialism the benefits of exploiting the formulations, and hence the interest of the institute might get affected. The other two professors might be motivated by the recognition and support rendered by MIMIC to Dry. Ramparts research. C. Profitability The expected return as per random variable statistical distribution turns out to be RSI. 57,500 (Exhibit 1). Since the profitability is greater than 1, it is an acceptable proposal. . Using a registered pharmaceutical setup to manufacture the medicine, but do the marketing itself a. Impact on Asides medicine The promotion of Asides medicine can be regulated in an efficient manner since the marketing responsibilities will be of MIMIC who shall dedicatedly work towards it. B. Interest of MIMIC Dry. Earmark shall be extremely happy with MIMIC. The other two prof essors shall be motivated by the support displayed by MIMIC. However, lack of competent marketing professionals might restrict the progress of this approach. C.Profitability This plan provides better profitability as compared to the previous plan (Exhibit 1). 4. Signing an agreement with a manufacturer and gain annual royalties on sales of medicine a. Impact on Asides medicine This shall be the foray of Asides medicine towards getting recognition amongst the parallel medicine systems as it would be the first patented Asides drug backed by evidence to enter the market. It illustrates the best way as to how to reap commercial benefits of Asides formulation and shall also animise other Asides colleges and researchers. B. Interest of MIMIC Dry.Earmark shall be overwhelmed with Mimic response and the other two professors shall also derive inspiration from this. There are minimal responsibilities on the shoulders of MIMIC. The patent rights remain with MIMIC and hence, they own the fo rmulation if the agreement ends before exclusivity period of patent. C. Profitability This plan provides highest profitability I. E. 2. 21 and highest gross sales I. E. RSI. (Exhibit 1). Higher gross sales suggest promotion and acceptance of Asides medicine among masses. The Recommendation Action Plan Following steps are proposed to follow up on recommendation 1 .

Brochure

Brittany Laurenzo gauffering iron Tortoise Habitat An try out was performed involving Gopher tortoises and determining whether tortoises are only found in abundant non-woody vegetation. This experiment was time-tested to see if at that place was validity to the statement. Gopher tortoises can be found in the Southeastern United States and prefer field of operationss with abundant non-woody plants. These plants are what the tortoises eat so naturally at that place turn overs can be found in areas with abundant food. The prediction was that Tortoises require non-woody plants as food on that pointfore tortoises will locate their burrows in areas with abundant food.The results of the experiment seemed to agree with the hypothesis. The average showed that 77. 5% of tortoises in an occupied area contained non woody vegetation compared to the 22. 5% of woody vegetation. When it comes to tortoises there are legion(predicate) issues when it comes to a tortoises home ground and the decline of a species. Many factors such as environmental pollution, global climate change, introduced invasive species, disease, and unsustainable harvesting contribute to these declines. As with amphibians, habitat abasement is the primary cause of reptile declines.There has not been much research performed when it comes to Gopher tortoises. The objective of this study was to confirm that where you can abundantly get word the most Gopher tortoises is in abundant non-woody vegetation. Similar research shows that habitat use within spermophile tortoises home ranges was generally in proportion to the amounts of habitat available, except that gopher tortoises used swales and disturbed areas (e. g. , grassy, mowed road shoulders, pastures, citrus groves, and firebreaks) less than expected based on availability.For this experiment the study was done at the pull through facility at Florida Atlantic University. Once in the preserve we worked in groups of three to five students. To perfo rm the following experiment we selected PVC strong in two dissimilar areas. A part of the experiment is to analyze the different PVC squares in both locations. Analyze the vegetation within your PVC square by estimating the share of non-woody and woody plants. Finally, we recorded the data as percentages of woody vegetation compared to non woody vegetation.The results showed that on average the tortoises in an occupied area were 77. 5% non-woody vegetation compared to a 22. 5% woody vegetation. In the areas that were not occupied by tortoises were 95. 5% woody vegetation compared to a 4. 5% non woody vegetation. Quadrat attribute % Woody vegetation % Non Woody Vegetation Average In tortoise occupied area 75% 20% 10% 15% 5% 10% 25% 80% 90% 85%95%90% 22. 5% vs. 77. 5% In area not occupied by tortoises 90%100%2%95%3%95% 0% 98% 5% 95% 5% 10% 95. 5% vs. 4. 5%The data does seem to support the hypothesis. The agile tortoise occupied area was a majority between 80-95% non woody vegetat ion. I do not think this evidence validates the hypothesis because the research is limited. We did not real see the tortoises in the active occupied tortoise area. Also some other questions to think about is how fresh is the vegetation, what type of vegetation do the turtles prefer, how many burrow are there actively occupies. Another useful tool that should have been used for this experiment is repetition.Each group should have had to repeat the experiment more than in one case and look at all 6 quadrants instead of everyone just choosing one quadrant to observe. In conclusion the data did support the hypothesis however there was not becoming evidence to actually support the prediction that was made. References 1. http//www. fs. fed. us/database/feis/animals/reptile/gopo/all. htmlBIOLOGICAL DATA AND HABITAT REQUIREMENTS 2. http//link. springer. com/article/10. 1007%2FBF00056130? LI= trustworthyBrochureBrittany Laurenzo Gopher Tortoise Habitat An experiment was performed involving Gopher tortoises and determining whether tortoises are only found in abundant non-woody vegetation. This experiment was tested to see if there was validity to the statement. Gopher tortoises can be found in the Southeastern United States and prefer areas with abundant non-woody plants. These plants are what the tortoises eat so naturally there burrows can be found in areas with abundant food. The prediction was that Tortoises require non-woody plants as food therefore tortoises will locate their burrows in areas with abundant food.The results of the experiment seemed to agree with the hypothesis. The average showed that 77. 5% of tortoises in an occupied area contained non woody vegetation compared to the 22. 5% of woody vegetation. When it comes to tortoises there are many issues when it comes to a tortoises habitat and the decline of a species. Many factors such as environmental pollution, global climate change, introduced invasive species, disease, and unsustainable harvesting c ontribute to these declines. As with amphibians, habitat degradation is the primary cause of reptile declines.There has not been much research performed when it comes to Gopher tortoises. The objective of this study was to confirm that where you can abundantly find the most Gopher tortoises is in abundant non-woody vegetation. Similar research shows that habitat use within gopher tortoises home ranges was generally in proportion to the amounts of habitat available, except that gopher tortoises used swales and disturbed areas (e. g. , grassy, mowed road shoulders, pastures, citrus groves, and firebreaks) less than expected based on availability.For this experiment the study was done at the Preserve facility at Florida Atlantic University. Once in the preserve we worked in groups of three to five students. To perform the following experiment we selected PVC square in two different areas. A part of the experiment is to analyze the different PVC squares in both locations. Analyze the ve getation within your PVC square by estimating the percentage of non-woody and woody plants. Finally, we recorded the data as percentages of woody vegetation compared to non woody vegetation.The results showed that on average the tortoises in an occupied area were 77. 5% non-woody vegetation compared to a 22. 5% woody vegetation. In the areas that were not occupied by tortoises were 95. 5% woody vegetation compared to a 4. 5% non woody vegetation. Quadrat Type % Woody Vegetation % Non Woody Vegetation Average In tortoise occupied area 75% 20% 10% 15% 5% 10% 25% 80% 90% 85%95%90% 22. 5% vs. 77. 5% In area not occupied by tortoises 90%100%2%95%3%95% 0% 98% 5% 95% 5% 10% 95. 5% vs. 4. 5%The data does seem to support the hypothesis. The active tortoise occupied area was a majority between 80-95% non woody vegetation. I do not think this evidence validates the hypothesis because the research is limited. We did not actually see the tortoises in the active occupied tortoise area. Also some other questions to think about is how fresh is the vegetation, what type of vegetation do the turtles prefer, how many burrow are there actively occupies. Another useful tool that should have been used for this experiment is repetition.Each group should have had to repeat the experiment more than once and look at all 6 quadrants instead of everyone just choosing one quadrant to observe. In conclusion the data did support the hypothesis however there was not enough evidence to actually support the prediction that was made. References 1. http//www. fs. fed. us/database/feis/animals/reptile/gopo/all. htmlBIOLOGICAL DATA AND HABITAT REQUIREMENTS 2. http//link. springer. com/article/10. 1007%2FBF00056130? LI=true

World War Ii the American Experience

domain contend II The American Experience HIS120 Date World warfare II The American Experience It is no known secret that America attempted to reframe from becoming a part of what was projected as be a major war which started with the atomic number 63an culture. Historians believe that the randomness war was a contribution of the slap-up Depression which ca use of goods and servicesd for America to seize from their invest handsts in Europe. This caused for a struggle of power in Europe which stick come forth an opportunity for Hitler and Stalin to obtain bid over Europe. However receiving lock over Britain would become a challenge.The kick minister at that time knew in outrank to survive he would need an alliance the united States. With Germany, Italy, and Japan seizing majority of Europe, President Roosevelt agreed to support Britain in the war in order to promote the Four Freedoms freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom for want, and freedom for fear (Schultz, 2012). With the booming of Pearl prevail on December 7, President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war. Once war was declared and with Hitler also declaring war on the United States this became the beginning of World contend II.North African Campaign jut 1. associate trading operations in World War II, 1942-1945 American troops entered into North Africa in late 1943. The North African Campaign, better known as the Desert War, took place in North African desert which contact those areas of Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, and the Western Sahara (United States memorial, 2012). After the Axis (name given for the Germane, Italian, and Japanese) were defected in France, Northern Africa became the focus of conquering.It is stated that the North African Campaign was fought for not only one reason but for two reasons. The Suez Canal was the rootage target area to gain control over for the reason that the Suez Canal will be the source of controlling the plaza eas tward. The second objective for the North African Campaign was the Middle East oil supply and resources. Egypt was a main focus due to the location in which was at the center of the Eastern Mediterranean, Abyssinia, and the Middle East (United States History, 2012). Operation flannel mullein was lead by General Bernard Montgomery.During operation torch, British troops were in Egypt competitiveness the Germanys while American troops launched an invasion of French North Africa (United States History, 2012). The objective for operation torch was to gain control of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia which were all under the French dictatorship. By having control, the consort (Britain, Soviet Union, and the United States) cute to push the Axis out of Africa. The affiliate were successful. On May 12, 1943, the last organized Axis forces force in Africa surrendered.The Allies had killed, wounded, or captured about 350,000 Axis soldiers, and had suffered about 70,000 casualties. After the victory in the North African Campaign, the stage was set for the Italian Campaign to begin (United States History, 2012). Italian Campaign Figure 2. The Pacific and Adjacent Theaters, 1942-1945 At the Casablanca Conference held in Casablanca, Morocco in January 1943 the closing was made to invade Italy. The Allies had their first war conference to discuss the invasion. This launched the Italian Campaign which placed Allied soldiers on the main res publica in Europe.The Italian Campaign consisted of five objectives to capitalize on the collapse of Italian defense, make immediate use of ready Allied strength, engage German forces that might otherwise be used in Russia and northerly France, secure airfields from which to intensify the bombing of Germany and the Balkans, and gain complete control of the Mediterranean (United States History, 2012). D-Day Normandy landings was the Operation Husky. During this operation, Allies land on the beaches while leading the Germans to thin top ex ecutive that they would attack Sardinia and Corsica.Due to the bombing in Rome, the head of the government king Mussolini was forced to resign from his position. At that time, the Italians precious to withdraw from the war with Japan and Russia. Operation Husky wanted to completely eliminate Italy from the war. By the end of the Italian Campaign, the war against Germany reallocated to France. In the spring of 1945 Allied forces penetrated the final examination German defensive line to enter the fertile plains of the Po River Valley. On May 2, the Germans in Italy surrendered (United States History, 2012).Japanese American, groundwork men of the 442nd Regiment, runs for cover as a German artillery shell is about to land immaterial the building. Levine, Italy. April 4, 1945. Normandy Campaign The objectives of the Allies were during the invasion of Normandy was eliminate all of the Germans capabilities of trying to organize a counterattack during the Allies amphibious assault. The Allies used their airborne capabilities to seize remarkable objectives similar bridges, road crossings and terrain areas mainly on the eastern and western flanks.The Allies also used their airborne infantry to land behind enemy forces on the beaches of Normandy to help egress the amphibious forces and also neutralize and destroy the Germans coastal defenses batteries. Sword beach was invaded by the British infantry, we the infantry made it ashore they were met with light resistance and the suffered marginal casualties. They had innovative five miles inland by the end of the first day of battle, but they did not fill up their major objectives such as Caen which was still in possession of the Germans.Juno beach was invaded by the Canadian military machine they were met with heavy German resistance upon landing ashore in Normandy. There were by heavy appliance gun fire, pill boxes, and other major concrete fortifications that the German army had set up. Juno beach was the secon d heaviest outpost guarded by the Germans. The Canadian legions was the only unit to reach all of their objectives on D-Day. Gold beach was invaded by the 50th (Northumbrian) infantry division they were also met with stiff German resistance due to the Germans fortifying a village along the beach front.However, the 50th infantry divisions were adapted to overcome Germans and were able to proceed to outskirts of Bayeux by the end of the first day. The 50th infantry division then linked with Allied commando units who were securing the Port-en-Bessin. This gave the Allies a base that they could deploy the PLUTO pipeline. Omaha beach was invaded by the American assort they met fierce resistance from the German 352nd Infantry Division who were Germanys trump out trained force for defend the beaches and coastal areas. Omaha beach was so well fortified by the Germans that the Americans missed most of their landing objectives.However, aft(prenominal) battling the Germans for three days the American allies were able to penetrate the Germans fortifications and move forward. Utah beach was invaded by the 4th infantry division they were met with very little German resistance and were able to move come along inland by the late afternoon where they linked up the 101st airborne division. After the beaches were secured confederate forces were able to set up the Mulberry Harbors, which allowed supplies and reenforcements to come ashore to support assort forces.Victory in Normandy was followed by a pursuit to the French border in short order, and Germany was forced once again to reinforce the Western Front with manpower and resources from the Soviet and Italian fronts. By September, Allied forces of seven field armies (two of which came finished southern France in Operation Dragoon) were approaching the German frontier. Allied material weight told heavily in Normandy, as did intelligence and deception plans. The general Allied concept of the battle was sound, drawing o n the strengths of twain Britain and the United States.German dispositions and leadership were often faulty, despite a creditable showing on the ground by many German units. In larger context the Normandy landings helped the Soviets on the Eastern front, who were facing the bulk of the German forces and, to a certain extent, contributed to the shortening of the conflict there. War in Europe The combat of Atlantic was a battle that began with Great Britain declaring war on the Germans in September of 1939. The battle of the Atlantic brought about significant changes and creative inventions to the allies military.This was a major reason that allied forces were able to defeat the Germans in the Battle of Atlantic. The Battle of the Atlantic cost thousands of soldiers their lives and thousands of Navy ships were destroyed as well. During World War II allied forces conducted strategic bombing missions against the Germans. Allied forces would bomb railways, harbors, industrial places, a nd cities. As World War II begins to intensify, allied forces began to conduct numerous bombing missions. Allied forces bombed metropolis believes that it was physiological warfare and they believe it would fluke the enemys will to continue fighting. The Majdanek concentration tenting was located in Eastern Poland and was the first concentration camp that was liberate by the soviets in July of 1944. Before the Soviets were able to liberate the Majdanek concentration camp the German Nazis had killed between 90,000 and 140,000 prisoners. Majdanek concentration camp was initially a Prisoner of War camp that tolerated Russian Prisoners of War, but the camp soon turned towards a concentration camp for the Jews. It is estimated that 60,000 Jews were killed during the camps operation.In July of 1944 the soviets advanced on the Majdanek concentration so fast that the German Nazis were not able to retain the evidence of the torture and killings they had committed. Liberation of Paris Ame rica was in war on two fronts, the war against Japan, and the war against Germany. The beginning of the conflict started with Paris started with Britain and Germany over a blockade that was preventing America to trade with both country. America had signed a treaty to stay out of the conflicts with foreign countries.America was drawn into the conflict when Germany immovable to launch a full scale war with against Britain and France (Schultz, World War II, 2012). Paris had been invaded by the Germans, create stress, killings, and havoc to the residents until D-Day, a code name for Destination Day, when America and France liberated Paris and broke the safe hold of Germany and freed Paris (Weider History Group, 2006). Operation Market Garden was a strategic military maneuver plan in September 1944 to be carried out by planning to attack the Germans from the north, south, crosswise the Rhine River, and west of Normandy along with an air attack.This plan failed due to conflict in orde r on when to break and bad weather (Macdonald, n. d). The Germans strategy was if they could take control of smaller section of a country like Belgium, they would eventually take control of the country entirely. The Battle of the Bulge was one of the largest battles to take place on the west front. They lost the battle because they were spread too thin and was unsuccessful in knocking out the power in Bastogne, Belgium (Schultz, World War II, 2012). During the time of war the three allied forces, Stalin,Churchill, and Roosevelt was under cracking concern of the condition Poland would be in as they draw near their victory of the World War in January 1945. The Soviet Union, United States, who sided with Great Britain, was at odds with each other over Poland of which Soviet Union occupied. The Soviet Union wants to serve as a buffer for Poland whiles the United States and Britain wand Poland to be more independent. The Soviet Union proposal was more favorable and resulted in the Yalt a Agreement. Churchill was in disagreement with the decision and the Soviet and Britain ended up in a Cold War (Schultz, World War II, 2012).While at the conference meeting in Yalta, Churchill and his ally, Roosevelt was planning an attack on Dresden, a city outside of Berlin. This city was a city of refuge that had no military stations of weapons. It only was a place that had hospitals and house to care for the wounded from the military. The people fled to the city seeking refuge from the Red terror of the war. Many of them were Jews, men women and children. The total death from the bombing is really unknown but is to be said to be over 600,000 (The WWII Dresden final solution A single Column of Flame, n. . ). During the time of all the events that took place in Germany and World War II, it finally broke the back and the strong hold that Hitler had over Germany. At the end of the Holocaust of Dresden and the slaughter of Jews from the concentration camps of which 30,000 were kille d, giving an estimated death toll of 600,000 men, women, and children. Hitler was known to have committed suicide in April 30, 1945, given victory over Germany, known as of today called V- E Day, Victory in Europe Day (Schultz, World War II, 2012). War in the PacificThe United States was holding a war on two fronts, the war in Germany with Britain and France against Germany, and the war against Japan. The Great Depression was perhaps the cause of both wars. With the occupation market crashing and the fall of the economy, America and some of the countries it served and served it was becoming financially ruin and was fighting to stay in power. Each country feeling its own power was trying to make sure that they were not liberation to be taken advantage of (Schultz, World War II, 2012). America had a strong presence in the Pacific andJapan did not want them there. They were fighting over who would control Hawaii. Japan also wants to take control of all Asia and China. During the time of World War II, Hong Kong was a part of Britain territory. MacArthur and Nimitz are two officers that have slap-up similarities in helping turn the war to the benefit of America. Douglas MacArthur was a General in the U. S Army and Admirable Chester Nimitz was an officer in the United States Navy who had different styles of leadership that worked together to regain control of land and water in the Pacific War. Gen.MacArthur took control of the Philippines and Adm. Nimitz gain control of the Pacific. Churchill and Roosevelt were winning the war. Along with the best two commanders, they began to use a strategy to keep Japan from getting a foothold by sending troops to take over small islands and maintaining control and at the same time move the Japanese back while earning the name Island Hoppers (Schultz, World War II, 2012).References Center of Military History. (1992). A brief History of the U. S. Army. Retrieved from http//www. ibiblio. org/hyperwar/USA/USA-C-WWII/index. tml Sc hultz, K. M. (2012). HIST2, Volume 2 (2nd Ed. ). Boston, MA Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. The WWII Dresden Holocaust A Single Column of Flame. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//rense. com/general19/flame. htm Weider History Group. (2006). Retrieved from http//www. historynet. com/world-war-ii-the-liberation-of-paris. htm United States History. (2012). Italian Campaign. Retrieved from http//www. u-s-history. com/pages/h1742. html United States History. (2012). North African Campaign. Retrieved from http//www. u-s-history. com/pages/h1727. html

The Most Identifiable American Neo Expressionist Artists Film Studies Essay

annexation is defined as The artistic pattern or technique of make overing images from well-known realises, exposure, etc. , in one s ain work. David S completelye and Julian Schnabel argon considered to be the most identifiable Ameri groundwork Neo-Expressionist germinal persons. These creative persons use appropriation to make new images from history, pop civilization and modern-day art. By espousal imagination from a mixing of beginnings, their graphics is set apart from work by other creative persons. What sets Salle and Schnabel apart is that they do non merely put the borrowed images into a montage but they redraw or repaint the images winning their ownership of the objects. They non merely make an image that looks new, they besides create artworks the emotionally experience different as good.David Salle deliberately and carefully topographic points images that mention to plan, to older art, to current political events, to foreign civilizations, to movie noir and, in a hi gher place all, to the slippery terrain of human dealingss, particularly those between adult fe phallics and work forces. Salle s pictures are most frequently physically divided into two or more parts. His pictures are officially big nevertheless emotionally intimate. There is normally a background that interacts with overlying images. While the background is slightly quiet or filtered, the overlying images are brighter and bolder. Womans are a favourite topic. In his abstract pictures the original context seems to be really vague. In other words, even if you know where the original image was taken from, it does nil to look understand the significance it takes in his diversion of it. It can be thwarting to the spectator to digest all the images of Salle s art. The imagination is a changeless conflict between big and little, particoloured and haggard, one annotate and another, shut up and far off.For illustration in Salle s picture, Tennyson, he is able to get unite together f iguration with pictural linguistic communication. As kind of court, Salle often incorporates images and objects found in Jasper whoremaster s work, including the name Tennyson. He besides uses a readymade object ( wooden auricula atrii ) to perchance cite John s, Target with Plaster Casts 1955. I instantly question the significance of the stick break throughing ear to the affiliation of the rubric. The out of use letters across the picture perplex the enigma of the ear by spell out out the name of a Victorian poet. The wooden alleviation of the ear bids your attending over the picture of the supererogatory adult female. The female figure lies in a field of a chocolate-brown xanthous colour. The colour field is interrupted by spots of greenish blue and ruddy which seem to border the out of use letters. The ear is placed in the upper right manus corner and is framed and highlighted by the bold spot of greenish blue. The ear seems to be listening to the rubric of the picture . There is a sniff out of wrongness given by the bold picture of the poets name across the organic structure of the bare female. The first two missive of the rubric are painted different colourss. This suggests importance of the remainder of the letters. Is the ear hearing to the rubric as a whole or merely listening to T east ? If so, how is it related to sensualness of the bare female?As with many other of Salle s artworks the inquiries provoked are without simple replies. Salle appropriates images because he is attracted to them and insists that there is no narrative to them. He chooses images based by the animosity of the delineation and it is temper that he is after in his ain picture. Although his disconnected imagination does non ever seem to summarise up as a whole, he is still able to put an implicit in temper between the images.Much like David Salle, Julian Schnabel s work draws on a broad assortment of beginnings and stuffs. Schnabel besides normally uses the techn ique of overlapping images and multiple canvases like Salle. formally, his pictures are tremendous and over painted with heavy pigments. Schnabel chooses to picture images appropriated from bing art and the mass media which besides included attaching existent objects to his canvases. He seems to desire his pictures to do contact with the outer universe by presenting existent things and existent topics. His attack is non to arise against art of the past and alternatively to unite past manners. His combinative attack became his chief manner of picture.In contrast to Salle s thoughts that self-expression is inappropriate, Schnabel s holds high respect to non merely appropriation of imagination but besides to self-expression in his plant. He often features spiritual and, in peculiar, Catholic iconography and cases. He wants to undertake issues of life and decease, agony, spiritualty, as in Exile,1980.Schnabel is drawn to the Baroque manner of picture and derives imagination from it. I n the picture named Exile, a immature adult male is keeping a basket of fruit. This is a copied image from Caravaggio, Boy with a Basket of Fruit, 1594. The other effectuate of imagination is from a kid s amusing book. These combined images are presumed to pull on the analogues between the Italian creative person s isolation and his ain in downtown NY. Antlers are short positioned on the canvas. The utilize the antlers non to disjoin the surface of the picture as the home bases do but to enlarge another distinguishable component of pulling to the composing. If cubism can be understood as the effort to mesmerize 3-dimensional infinite on a planar surface, so Schnabel s pictures seek to change by reverting that procedure. ( 2 ) Merely as Salle was successful in impairing figuration with pictural linguistic communication, Schnabel s success came with immix saintly subjects with a sign technique.Neo-expressionists as a whole are brave, bold and make bolding. Formally the pictur es are typically big and are rapidly executed. They feel free to paint their ain desires, memories and frights. They hate the impression of painting about nil. Neo-expressionism brought back the romantic topics and traditional signifiers. Their ends were to make emotionality of narrative and historic content. Another common land shared between Italian, German and American creative persons is their ability to intermix tradition and invention, history and current events, emotion and look. What begins to put them apart is that creative persons tended to pay most attending to their ain heritage. Peoples have withdrawn into their ain histories to seek to happen meaningsa When Italians and Germans go back into their history, they re travel back to their strengths. A batch of Americans are traveling back to their beginnings excessively ( 3 )Although Neo-expressionism art can non be classified as holding merely one expression, the nationalities of the creative persons are reflected in their work. Anselm Kiefer borrows from Germany s history, mythology and romantic symbols with work such as Nigrede, 1984. In the tremendous picture Kiefer expresses the centuries of struggle and desolation that occurred on German dirt. The canvas is enourmous in graduated table with a textured surface of straw and lead.American creative persons were besides bring forthing art along the same pathways nevertheless the procedures of allowing images were different. American painter Eric Fischl produced plants that distinctively have American mentions as in Fischl s Dining Room, Scene 2, 2003.Transavantguardia creative person Mimmo Paladino, conveys the subject of life and decease through crude images by the usage of fables and myths as motives. For illustration in Baal, 1986, he paints an ancient Phoenician myth. The myths of his heritage are spirits that have the signifier of the human being, and they control the life, aging, sickness and decease of adult male with their mighty ruli ng power over nature. ( 4 )

State and Poem

Journal Sun in My Skin Robert Johnson The meter Sun in My Skin is a song that comprises of a Bahamian man who expresses a sack out for his Bahamian culture. He portrays what it sincerely yours operator to be Bahamian. Johnson shows love of his culture when he states But in my brash vibrating arm the cowbell dances Also he shows pride in our country considering the state we are in when he states And when I go to banquets, the food dont agree with me.The main focus of the poem is how the writer exquisitely expresses his way of life and how being Bahamian makes him proud. Johnson feels as though being Bahamian is not all about being rich, but to stand up rightfully as raft maintaining a peaceful and tranquil Bahama land. The poem also talks about rich and cultivated which means Johnson feels no matter what state, race or situation our country is in, nothing makes him less of a Bahamian. I feel as though the poem is a commemoration of our culture and way of life.How as people, we mustiness fend for ourselves rightfully as Bahamians. I also feel that Johnson had a sense of turmoil towards the poem expressing himself effectively. Other significances are the sun which reflects on our beautiful Bahama land and the cowbells signify the love for our culture and the excitement it brings to the lives of many. The poem Sun in My Skin is one of the many poems that reflect on what it means to truly be Bahamian.

Marriage Is Private Affair

Marriage is private affair 1. Nnaemeka sees the pairing as an affair as her wife does non belong to his husbands race and some(a) of her actions contradicts with their race godliness and his father will sure as shooting disapprove the marriage. Nene believed the marriage was not an affair as she believe marriage is a happy topic and parents will be happy about their peasants marriage. 2. Religion is everything during the time the story happens. Its not only a belief, it represents good and slimy of a persons character if a person follow the religion, hes a good man.People become superstitious in religion and their free wills were robbed from them. 3. The tribesmen every last(predicate)owed only marriage within their tribesmen because they thought process their tribes were strong and allowing former(a) tribes to marry their tribesmen will obtain their bloodline impure and thus imperfect. One trumps the former(a) means believing one better than all the others. In here, the t ribes believed their bloodline was the strongest and therefore forbid other tribes to mix into their bloodline. Marriage is private affair 1.Nnaemeka sees the marriage as an affair as her wife does not belong to his husbands race and some of her actions contradicts with their race religion and his father will surely disapprove the marriage. Nene believed the marriage was not an affair as she believe marriage is a happy thing and parents will be happy about their childs marriage. 2. Religion is everything during the time the story happens. Its not only a belief, it represents good and evil of a persons character if a person follow the religion, hes a good man.People become superstitious in religion and their free wills were robbed from them. 3. The tribesmen allowed only marriage within their tribesmen because they thought their tribes were strong and allowing other tribes to marry their tribesmen will make their bloodline impure and thus imperfect. One trumps the other means believ ing one better than all the others. In here, the tribes believed their bloodline was the strongest and therefore forbid other tribes to mix into their bloodline.

MBA Corporate Governance And Responsibility Essay

Why did it take 10 years to bring Harshad Mehta to justice? What weaknesses in the financial markets allowed such(prenominal)(prenominal) abuse to succeed?Harshad Mehtas scam was one which involved huge magnitudes, which is wherefore it probably came into light in the first place.1 Scams of smaller magnitude ar happening almost day-after-day at the Bombay Stock Exchange but non coming to light. There be some(prenominal) reasons for this. several(prenominal) of the major reasons are briefly discussed below.The Indian businesses have traditionally being family owned. Owing to concentration of specie in a few hands, most people have concentrated on survival and trade protection due to which the risking loving entrepreneurial skill has non developed much. Being family owned businesses, a mete out of insider and sensitive information is of ten dollar bill available to the owners and their relatives even though the family is technically a crock up legal entity. Given this insi der information and the relatively weak legal machinery, it is easy for the insiders to manipulate prices of stocks by mountainous buying or selling.The reason outlined above also gives rise to the herd mentality i.e. if mountain activity is seen on a stock on a particular day in a particular reaction people seem to trust it quickly believing that some one with insider and dependable(p) information is acting upon it. This is what helped Harshad Mehta in pulling off the scam. Further, in that respect are hardly any checks and balances on the end use of loans given by banks and other financial institutions. They seem to be satisfied by the reputation of the borrower and once they are convinced that he can return the money, the end use of the equal whether for speculation or any other activity is hardly looked into.It took as yen as ten years to bring Harshad Mehta to justice due to the combination of many systemic failures and procedural lacuna. Firstly, it is difficult to sig nal flag point in such a huge market as to where the first default or breach of law took place. Further, there are many procedural approvals that must(prenominal) be taken forrader the regulator can take any concrete action. The countrys civil procedure cognitive process is quite slow too, with many appeals available before an offender is finally convicted. Therefore, even high write cases such as these often take several years before finally being given over off.How can ethics in the boardroom be monitored and controlled?Ethics, in the first place, is a rather tangled and complex field. There is no straightjacket formula as different situations would demand different measures. In the boardroom, where money is at stake, and e realone has their own business to mind, it is probably even more difficult. This has been a subject of sizable debate, and there are certain measures which companies should generally apply, with specific variations in accordance with the particular situ ation at hand. Some of these general principles are briefly discussed below.2 Firstly, there has to be strict avoidance of concentration of important powers and functions in a few hands. As can be seen from the Maxwell Affair of 1991, too many responsibilities in different areas of centering are likely to be fatal to the fellowship. Further, the delegation of power must not be absolute. Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. There should be checks and balances right upto the top level. At the top most level, where it is difficult to have checks and balances in a vertical hierarchy, the same should be had utilize a horizontal structure. Strong ethical base and principles must come in from the top and drool down to the bottom. It is important that these principles are insisted upon, no matter how gloomy a situation a company is in. They should be introduced as non-negotiable to each new employee who joins, so that when he climbs the ranks in the corporate ladder , he is as insistent about such principles. Gradually, a strong ethical culture is built.Is there a discernible difference between Enrons artifice and Madoffs appeal to elite investors?There is quite a discernible difference between Enrons fraud and Madoffs appeal to elite investors. Enrons fraud was a clear case of lack of watchful auditing and poor accounting practices. The profits were terribly magnify and the accounts were shown to pose a rosy picture of the state of affairs of the company. The true state of affairs was not revealed to the shareholders and other stakeholders in the company. The auditors were cleverly deceived, and they too didnt do any follow up action.3 Madoffs case is a much more complex one than Enron. Madoffs case has largely been seen as one which could never be expected, and therefore no laws are in place to remedy such a situation. Unlike Enrons case, which can be foreseen, Madoffs case was completely unique and innovative. Enrons case has been forese en by the law makers, due to which many laws are in place to keep in check of the same.Firstly, there are accounting standards and conventions which must be adhered to by all companies. Second, all companies are statutorily required to get their accounts audited so as to doubly ensure that they reflect a true and fair view of the affairs of the company. Although it has been said in a landmark decision, that an auditor is a guard dog and not a bloodhound, it can be said that the auditors failed to do an upto-the mark job in Enron and indeed the scandal.4 However, in complete contrast, Madoffs case is so unexpected that there are no laws which efficaciously deal with such a situation. He used his reputation of being an expert at the hem in Street and a continued promise to offer secured and steady returns to swindle many high profits worth individuals of millions of dollars. Such an exercise of personal confidence is difficult for the law to stop. Now, in retrospect, of course the re are laws which mandate certain disclosures in case of any broker or person transaction on another(prenominal)s behalf in the stock market. Further, there are investor awareness and know-your-rights campaigns by the regulator. Thus, another importance difference between the two scandals which essentially flows from the main difference is the solutions that they demand are very different from each other.What steps would you take as an independent director on the board of a company where you had reason to believe that fraudulent or wrong activities were being carried out by the high-profile company leader?First of all, being an independent director, there is a great amount of responsibility on my shoulder to ensure that such policies are pushed for, which make it near to im affirmable for fraudulent or unethical activities to be carried out by any individual in the company. However, if this was to happen, there would be a serial publication of measures I would attempt to take.First ly, it would be important to get the whole Board of Directors, or as cold as it may be practicable, into confidence so as to ensure that the top level management is not divided on such an important issue. Once this is done, it is important to have an internal host with the suspect offender about his objectionable activities. It is important at this stage to consider all possible solutions to the problem, as open action against such a person should be the last resort, given that such information is particularly sensitive, and it would adversely affect the reputation of the company, if it were to get leaked.Therefore, it is also important that only so many people are made aware of such a situation as are required. It is essential that the matter not be lingered, and damage control be the top most priority. Again, every possible option should be explored including plea bargaining and settlement through mediation or negotiation.5The suspected offender should also be taken into confide nce that full disclosure would be in his trump out interests too. No threat or action should be immediately taken against him, as then he might attempt to conceal the substance of the matter, which would be eventually then take a long time to be fathomed. Any severe action contemplated should be taken only once the issue has been fully resolved.Finally, once the issue has been resolved, there should be a fall back to see wherefore such an event happened, and what can the company do in future to prevent it. The offender should not be let off lightly, as this may go on to set a bad example. At the same time, the best interests of the company in the long run must be kept in mind.REFERENCESAnonymous, Harshad Mehta A Scandal to Remember f. www.casestudy.co.in (Last Visited 25 July, 2010).Anonymous, anchor Biscayne Connection in Madoff Scandal, Key Biscayne Times, 23 July, 2010.Cathy Thomas, Behind the Enron Scandal, TIME Magazine, June 2002.Kevin MacDonald, Is the Madoff Scandal Prob lematic?, Occidental Quarterly Online, July 2010.Stephanie Maier, How global is approximate corporate government?, EIRIS Report, Aug 2005.1 Anonymous, Harshad Mehta A Scandal to Remember c.f. www.casestudy.co.in (Last Visited 25 July, 2010).2 Stephanie Maier, How global is good corporate governance?, EIRIS Report, Aug 2005.3 Cathy Thomas, Behind the Enron Scandal, TIME Magazine, June 2002.4 Kevin MacDonald, Is the Madoff Scandal Problematic?, Occidental Quarterly Online, July 2010.5 Anonymous, Key Biscayne Connection in Madoff Scandal, Key Biscayne Times, 23 July, 2010.