Fracking Of The United States - 1307 Words

Alexi Taylor Monday, December 1, 2014 Dr. Gray Final Paper Fracking in the United States Hydraulic fracking in the United States is a current environmental hazard that has to be addressed by the American people and by the federal government. Fracking in America has opened up millions of acres of lands that were once not economically viable to produce oil and gas. While the Bureau of land Management has paved the way for hydraulic fracturing on public lands, there is a need for retaliation. Fracking is a dirty method of extracting gases and oils at the price of numerous environmental, safety, and health hazards. The environment is not a means of income when rather it is the capital for future generations. Currently fracking is being disputed at state and federal levels. Farmers around the country have been affected by this issue where fracking companies disturb the surrounding environment to a point that nearby neighbors are affected so much where their drinking water becomes contaminated and undrinkable. Who becomes responsible to support these everyday farmers to contend against these well-off oil fracking companies? In some cases these farmers don’t have the resources to win the legal disputes against these large fracking barons. Small family farms are disappearing at a fast rate, and one more variable thrown in will make these small family farm disappear that much faster. Even if the victims were to triumph in one court case what happens after when they plugShow MoreRelatedFracking Of The United States911 Words   |  4 Pages101 8 September, 2015 Fracking in The United States Fracking is a term that is used as a shorthand term referring to hydraulic fracturing. This is a type of drilling used for oil and natural gas within the Earth. Fracking has been used commercially for the last 65 years in the U.S... With the new technology advances in the field along with advanced hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling is responsible for the U.S. surging in the oil and gas production. Fracking is allowing the U.S. toRead MoreFracking : Its Impact On The United States931 Words   |  4 Pagesoil drilling technique known as fracking. Fracking is an unconventional drilling process that is accomplished by using high-pressured water to release oil and natural gas from rock formations, known as shales. The use of fracking in the United States has made it one of the top oil producing countries in the world. However, this newfound oil and gas drilling method has not come without its costs. Despite the economic boom near drilling locations, politically, fracking has caused some international relationshipsRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On The United States1090 Words   |  5 PagesImagine an economy in the United States if we were an oil exporting country, like those in the Middle East. The States falls victim to those countries because we do not export quite as much as they do. This problem could potentially be solved by upping the amount of oil and gas fracking. Then , that now unused oil can be sent out to other countries, turning a profit here. Although many people believe that it is harmful to the environment, and bad for the public around it. The largest being that itRead MoreThe Effects Of Hydraulic Fracking On The United States Essay1934 Words   |  8 Pagessocial and economic of hydraulic fracturing in the United States. This has been a heated issue with environmentalists and surrounding community members concerned over the environmental and health related problems associated with this practice while providing substantial economic benefits. This research will utilize economic theory for analysis and will include consideration of justified social concerns. Explicit benefits and costs of hydraulic fracking will be examined as well as negative and positiveRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On The United States1650 Words   |  7 Pagesthe side-effects of fracking, some families also engaged in long lawsuits against the companies because of these harmful side-effects of fracking. The government finally stepped in and demanded the gas companies to pay for the repercussions and imposed stricter regulations on the process and how to handle the after effects of it. In the end, that helped the town and its people. There’s still some struggle with living in Dimock, but for the most part it was bearable. Fracking was still somethingRead MoreHydraulic Fracking And Its Effects On The Nation Of The United States1508 Words   |  7 PagesHydraulic fracturing is either referred to as â€Å"fracking† or â€Å"hydrofracking.† It is a generally new technique for oil and gas extraction. Basically for shale gas and tight oil, including cracking of rock by a pressurized fluid. Even penetrating takes into account the infusion of very pressurized fracking liquids into shale rock layers profound inside the earth. After a well is drilled, it is cased with bond trying to guarantee groundwater security and the shale is using pressurized water broke withRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On The United States And Its Impact On Society1947 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction With the proliferation of fracking in the United States and its impact on so many different aspects of society from environmental to health and economic impact, it is an important topic that demands more research and along with more community awareness. Another aspect of fracking that is discussed much less than the environmental and public health aspects is that the people that benefit most from the fracking industry usually white affluent individuals do not live in the areaRead MoreThe Effect Of Fracking On The United States Economy And Leaving A Harmful Footprint Behind The Environment2007 Words   |  9 Pagesthe need without ever reaching satisfaction (Erich Fromm). Introduction Fracking is a complex political topic; nonetheless, fracking is showing a positive impact on the United States economy and leaving a harmful footprint behind the environment. In addition, consumers are experiencing a significant amount of savings due to the overwhelming supplies of oil; thus, the revolution in new technology is triggering an improper fracking system that contributes to airborne pollution and water contaminationRead MoreFracking Is Good For American Consumers821 Words   |  4 Pagesnew republic wrote â€Å"Fracking Is Good For American Consumers† he argues that fracking is good for the economy because it brought down the price of gas and saved a lot of money. Vinik cleverly argues his point that fracking saves a lot of money for the united states, he weakens his argument by using a lot of numbers and not calculating the damages caused by fracking. The outcome is an article that has all numbers but the numbers don t outweigh the amount of damage caused by frac king. First what is hydraulicRead MoreThe, A Documentary By Josh Fox1296 Words   |  6 Pagesinformative film about the negative externalities that consumers have to incur since they live in close proximity to a hydrofracking facility. Throughout the film, Fox travels around the country and meets with families that have been negatively impacted by fracking companies moving into their communities. Due to the amount of pollution that hydrofracking can cause, many of the families that Fox meets with no longer have the luxury of clean water supplied through their faucets. GasLand really opened up my eyes

Bowlby s Attachment Theory Stages Of Developmental

Professional Practice 16/17 Bowlby’s attachment theory Winnicott’s stages of developmental The following essay will aim to explore two developmental theories. It will also look at how they have become relevant in counselling and psychotherapy practice, how they should be helpful and offer support when a presenting issue occurs from a client, and how the counsellor will work in partnership with the client. The chosen theories are based on John Bowlby’s attachment theory and David Winnicott’s developmental theory. Bowlby John Bowlby was born in 1907 in London. He and his siblings lived in a traditional upper-middle class family. He was mostly raised by nannies which left little time or contact with his parents. This was the ‘norm’ in†¦show more content†¦This crucial attachment was believed to have a stimulus on subsequent attachments, thus resulting in a higher significance than any other (Bowlby, 1951, cited in Holmes Fairfield, 2014). Bowlby went on and devised the word ‘monotropy’ which was to label the tendency of the child and have one main attachment character with the succeeding psychopathology occurring later in life should the attachment become damaged or fruitless. Bowlby stated attachment was not shaped solely from the child’s acceptance, but the behaviour of another significant other, usually the mother or caregiver who had a crucial role in the child’s growth. The growth and development of the child is reliant on four stages of process from birth, Bowlby stated these stages were where the child would bind to the mother or vice versa, he proposed one to two months old in which the infant shows attachment to the mother by crying, sucking. The second stage up to six months old the child has the focus on a mother figures and attaches to the one he or she has more contact with. The third stage up to aged two named the secure base, where the child has its focus on the where the main caregiver is when their welfare is under threat. The stage up over the age of two is concerned on the child learning a behaviour and how this affects the relationship with their mothers or attachments, this will be the grounding for subsequent relationshi psShow MoreRelatedEarly Infant Attachment And Subsequent Development1005 Words   |  5 PagesAnalyze the research on early infant attachment and subsequent development. The infant-caregiver relationship is vastly important to the proper and healthy development of an infant and throughout the duration of the infant’s life. However, the types of relationships attained through attachments as well as socialization goals vary across cultures (Gross, 2011).Secure infant attachments are however, extremely important to overall healthy psychosocial development and prosocial behavior and can be analyzedRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory And Theory908 Words   |  4 PagesBoth Erik Erikson’s theory and Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby theory support the idea that early life experiences impact the person across their lifespan. Erikson’s developmental theory discusses the eight stages of life and the forces and values that arise at each stage, which should be developed within this frame. The attachment theory focuses on the interaction an individual has and the impact it may have on their psychological and social development. Both theories belie ve that personality beginsRead MoreDevelopment of Secure and Insecure Attachments in Children1208 Words   |  5 Pagesthe development of secure and insecure attachments in children THE INTRODUCTION During the past fifty years much research has been carried out on the secure and insecure attachments for children. Many reaserchers have been particularly interested in the relationship between secure and insecure attachments in the child`s development , and what bearings it has on the child`s emotional , social and psychophysical well being ( Erikson, 1963; Bowlby, 1958; Ainsworth et.al, 1978). This essayRead MoreDevelopment Of A Child s Social And Emotional Development1377 Words   |  6 Pagestheses developmental theories and how they have impacted modern day society in understanding the development of a child’s social and emotional development. Development is the pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the lifespan (Santrock, 2008, p.5) Emotional development is the development of a child’s expression, understanding, and how they regulate their emotions from birth through late adolescence. Piaget is one of the first people to look at developmental theory andRead MoreThe Theory Of Developmental Psychology1644 Words   |  7 Pages Developmental Psychology 2 Abstract Developmental Psychology is a scientific study that shows psychological changes in human being to birth to adulthood. It was first made to help infants and children, but now it has expanded to help the adolescence and adults just as well. Paul B. Baltes, has apply the six principles of human development, lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, gains and losses, contextualRead MoreRelation: Infant Mother Attachment and Eating Disorders1510 Words   |  7 Pagescorrelate the links between infant mother attachment and eating disorder behavior. Throughout this paper the two main theorists that are looked at are Mary S. Ainsworth and John Bowlby. Mary S. Ainsworth’s framework of attachment theory began in Uganda, while studying individual difference in infant behavior, which is known as the Strange Situation. John Bowlby coined the theory of infant mother attachment based on object relations psychoanalytical theory and the conceptualization that infants needRead MoreThe Im portance Of A Professional Workforce Working For Good Future Progress1230 Words   |  5 Pagesinto account the individual s stage of development and current interests. Child development on language - adults should always respond positively to both verbal and non-verbal communication (evidecne, theory) For children to develop their communication skills, there must first be a relationship of trust and attachment between the baby and the caregiver, something that Whitebread calls a crucial role in children s development (2015, p.1). Bowlby defines attachment by suggesting that babies areRead MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Theory1510 Words   |  7 PagesAttachment theory was advanced in 1951 by British psychoanalyst and psychiatrist John Bowlby. According to this theory infants have an inborn need to be close to their main caretaker. If the attachment is deprived from an infant Bowlby argued that the infant could suffer from negative impacts on their development. This could possibly imply that children places in early daycare will later in life suffer consequences for this. The basis of attachment theory can be linked to Sigmung Freud s (1926)Read MoreChild Development Reflection Paper1332 Words   |  6 PagesCourse Reflection In this course, I have learned theories of child development, principles of growth and development, prenatal development, infancy, toddlerhood, three-four-and five years old, six-seven-and eight years old, middle childhood, adolescence: thirteen to nineteen years old, and where and when to seek help. I really enjoyed the adolescence: thirteen to nineteen years old chapter the most because, people tend to forget that even though they in high school their brains are still growingRead MoreAttachment Is The Emotional Bond Created By A Child With Their Primary Caregiver1568 Words   |  7 PagesAttachment is the emotional bond created by a child with their primary caregiver, which is normally the mother. An example of attachment would be if the mother left the baby, and the baby cries from her absence. The connection normally begins when the child is around six months of age. It’s key for infants to develop. Babies aren’t comfortable away from their mothers. It varies arou nd the world, but it is still very important no matter where the infant is from. It is mainly studied. (Child Adolescent

Immigration Trade and Productivity in Services

Question: Discuss about the Immigration Trade and Productivity in Services. Answer: Introduction Offshoring has been considered to be a hermaphroditic word which described of a particular thing. Here, in Australia, it has been seen that it is related to the transfer of the jobs from Australia to the other countries with a lower cost of labor than the wage rates for Australian. This is the biggest productivity gain for the firms with a complete reduction in the costs and the profit increase. (Lyu, 2016). The report has been based on the strategic analysis where the larger consulting companies are trying to analyze about the strategy that led to the activities offshore with the loss of the numbers of the jobs for the local people. It includes the external and internal issues with the discussion of the implications that have been there on the jobs in Australia. Telstra, an Australian company, has announced the plans to move 850 jobs to the Indian software providers where now it spends up to $150 million on Indian IT services. The Optus and Hutchison have thought to shift 150 to 200 jobs to the Indian call centers. External Analysis Tools/Models The global model is with the internal and the external outsourcing with the procurement structures where interlink is with the strategy of procurement to interlink in the design. The outsource solutions are mainly for the offshore procurement where the sourcing is to the category management, supply chain as well as the processing of the business. The challenge is mainly for the offshore model that does not apply to the category management strategy but relates to the sourcing supply chain and the transactions through the processing of the strategy. It will also create a better processing with the positive ripple effects of the fence and the revenue collection. The processing of the internal and the external solution is needed to change the risks profile to align with the sourcing entity patterns. This will directly help in a better solution for trading rather than the solution of purchasing. With the changing level of the organization, there is a need to emphasize on the business plan which turns to the external factors to effectively predict the future. (Ottaviano et al., 2016). A properly globalized economy is one of the biggest factors for the external issue that affects the business. The market fluctuations are based on the politics are the attacks on currency devaluation to the commercialized enterprise. The development of the digital information and the communication technology has been able to provide better opportunities for the companies to offshore and work on the higher paying of the professional positions. The challenge of the offshore technology has been that the companies are looking for the producing the new goods and services at a lower price. The local companies need to work on the innovation and improvement in the productivity to reduce the costs. The issue is with the finance that has to do with the business and affect the ability to continue for the same. (Larsen, 2016). The interest rates directly affect the credibility and the customer loan s. There have been trends where one needs to make a profit on the marketing with the influencing trends set in beyond the control. The technology used by the customers is built mainly on the strategic planning. Internal Analysis tools The outsourcing is mainly set for the indirect categories where the companies like Info system focus on providing the service for the direct and the indirect categories in Australia through a proper Managed Service Division. The external and the internal model could be through the trading service to buy or sell the pricing as per the offered amount. This also works for the establishment of a better trading option with the management by the external parties and the rebranding is under the banner "Fontina." The BPOs are found to be outsourced which includes the procurement levels and the functions for transactions. (Antonietti et al., 2016). Here, the standards are for the judgment where the intensiveness increase with a better level of the outsourcing. It directly tends to affect and reduce the governance with the normal standards. The representation of the offshore is mainly to identify the suppliers of the source goods and the services which will provide a better capital equipment. The working is based on a form of aggregations where the purchasing power could easily be achieved through the better levels of the volume. The technology platform is based on automation in a supply chain, contract management and holding the track of inventory. This is based on an accuracy of a higher volume with the portability standards set for the price benchmarks. This is mainly an example of Global Healthcare Exchange. The drivers of offshoring are based on the labor costs and the costs cutting where the company decisions are to handle the competitiveness of the business operations. It will also work on improving the productivity and access the skills and processes that are not available for the onshore access. The labor costs differentials and the pressure are mainly due to the reduction of cost. These are important with the different in a large amount. Hence, the estimates are related to seeking to significant comparisons with straight forward as the labor costs along. The range of the factors is based on the decisions where the social, legal and the political infrastructure need to be handled. (Dluhosch, 2016). Here, the lower costs are considered to be an important driver where the business needs to work on the reliability of the delivery with quality and timeliness. The protection of investments is not completely insignificant as this does not outweigh the potential benefits of offshoring. The association includes the complex process which has not been dictated by the cost benefits. (Benito et al., 2013). Stakeholders in the company and effect of shift of offshore activities The stakeholders in the company who are related to the outsourcing are the labor unions, members of the industries and the professionals set in outsourcing the origin countries. The potential workers in outsourcing are for the destination countries with the cognitive programs that have a major influence through which they can view the offshore outsourcing. The globalized procurement for the company is to work on sustainability, flexibility, and the elasticity. This works on the tasks to deliver the cost effectiveness from local and global acquisitions. The major impact will be on the strategic alignment where the companies will have to identify the framework and then support the activities. (Hansen et al., 2016). It is important to determine the expenditure with the complete price benchmarking on the globalized basis and reviewing the supplier profitability. The effect is also in the assessment of the location of the skills, talent, culture and language, where the sustainability and the ethical standards are important to meet procurement and supply. (Fisher et al., 2014). The major impact is also in the identification of the functions of procurement like the sourcing and the category management to determine a proper location for procurement with mapping out the projected timescale of implementation. The functional designing and assessment are to focus on governance and category strategy for certain spends. The activities include the trading services and the supply chain where the entire activity is set for handling the functional governance with the scope to embed the procurement with the data analytics. (Hansen et al., 2016). There have been legal requirements to make sure that the companies engage the unions in a consultative process where the redundancy also includes the consulting on different measures to prevent the termination or the mitigation of any adverse effects. The collection of a better data is based on the number of jobs offered with the disclosure of the number of employees who are contracts at the end of the financial year. (France et al., 2016). The government needs to work on collaborating with the IT industry to promote Australia as an offshoring destination. Here, the development is mainly to enhance the capacities and the increase in the competitiveness of the local IT sector. This will help in working on digitization which has been able to create the unprecedented opportunity for better wealth and employment. It also creates the new industry where the transformation is for finance and supports the efficiency of the different sectors of the public administration. (Koppman et al., 2016). The importing of the services for the export will depend on the income opportunities in Australia with the offshoring for the countries like India and Chin. Hence, offshoring is the mechanism where the Australian business needs to work on boosting competitiveness and enable the cut costs along with lowering the prices. (Zhu et al., 2016). This will sustain the profits and the earning mainly for the investors. This will also work to focus on the benefits that involve the lowering of the prices and higher investment returns. Why jobs continue to be in Australia It has been seen that Telstra is Australia prolific offshoring company which has been pledged to reduce the IT operations from $1.5 billion to $750 million. This works on the goods and the services where the 500 Australian jobs are found to be offshored. The Australian society is set where the patterns are deciding to employ the overseas staff with varying employment arrangements. The common desire is to decrease the cost which is established for making decisions along with handling the political factors. (Hansen et al., 2016). The benefits of offshoring are mainly that there is a cheap usage of the labor where the benefits are set with the cultural differences, poor project management, and testing and integration issues. With the changing access, there have been cost-benefits and the support for the free-trading. This is based on the service quality and the exchange rates and the costs of the wrong decisions. The positions are also depending upon how to handle the competitive edge with the Australian IT sector working on the protection and the compensation for the workers. Australia tends to support offshoring due to: The promotions of the fair and free trading where Australia tends to attempt the stop of the offshoring which will directly be related to the profitability of the offshoring company. (Lojacono et al., 2016). It continues to promote the inward investment through the free-trading agreements which work on the projections of employment gains from in-sorucing of the U.S. companies. The continuation of promoting Australia economy and the workers is through actively selling the investment opportunities. Australia works on the promotion of foreign investment with the economic credentials, democratic and high skilled workforce. The development is mainly through the cost competitive locations and effective regulatory environment. The focus has been on education and training, research and development where Australian offshoring debates over the improvement in the research and skills base. The collection of the data is based on the jobs that are offered offshored. This works on handling the public and private sectors which would encourage the media reports with the major impact of offshoring. (Hansen et al., 2016). The requirement of the offshoring companies is mainly to comply with the formal conductions where the policy depends on giving the workers and the government notice before being allowed to the offshore. Conclusion The offshoring of the service sector jobs has been found to be a major issue where the concern is for Australian development. Here, the companies and the other government agencies are working on the different opportunities so that they can easily benefit from all the educating workforce. (Fisher, 2016). This works on facilitating the opposing groups in the US and Australian debate. Here, the consumer groups and the free marketing economy is holding the regret for the loss of jobs with the emphasis on the mutual gains from free trading. (Zhu et al., 2016). The industry associations and the free trading skeptics are handling the service sector with the offshoring contradicts to work on anti-offshoring sentiments. The research has been on the effects of the loss of jobs where there is a need to recognize the increased efficiency of the labor which will lead to a high production and the expansion based on employment. The Australian sectors also need to work on handling the cheap labor co sts with other government assets to promote the inward investment and enable the workers to retrain and work in different fields. References Ottaviano, G., Peri, G., Wright, G. (2016). Immigration, Trade and productivity in services. CEP Discussion Paper, 1353. Lyu, Y. (2016). Evaluating carbon dioxide emissions in undertaking offshored production tasks: the case of China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 116, 32-39. Antonietti, R., De Marchi, V., Di Maria, E. (2016). Governing offshoring in a stringent environmental policy setting: Evidence from Italian manufacturing firms. Journal of Cleaner Production. Larsen, M. M. (2016). Failing to estimate the costs of offshoring: A study on process performance. International Business Review, 25(1), 307-318. Dluhosch, B. (2016, June). International Competition IntensifiedJob Satisfaction Sacrificed?. In 28th Annual Meeting. Sase. Hansen, C., Mena, C., Skipworth, H. (2016). Exploring political risk in offshoring engagements. International Journal of Production Research, 1-17. Lojacono, G., Misani, N., Tallman, S. (2016). Offshoring, local market entry, and the strategic context of cross-border alliances: The impact on the governance mode. International Business Review. Zhu, L., Ito, K., Tomiura, E. (2016). Global Sourcing in the Wake of Disaster: Evidence from the Great East Japan Earthquake. Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI). Fisher, M. (2016). Revolutionising offshore outsourcing.Professional Planner, (88), 16. Koppman, S., Mattarelli, E., Gupta, A. (2016). Third-World Sloggers or Elite Global Professionals? Using Organizational Toolkits to Redefine Work Identity in Information Technology Offshore Outsourcing.Organization Science,27(4), 825-845. Maduka Nuwangi, S., Sedera, D., C. Srivastava, S., Murphy, G. (2014). Intra-organizational information asymmetry in offshore ISD outsourcing.VINE: The journal of information and knowledge management systems,44(1), 94-120. Benito, G. R., Dovgan, O., Petersen, B., Welch, L. S. (2013). Offshore outsourcing: A dynamic, operation mode perspective.Industrial Marketing Management,42(2), 211-222. France, C., Pope, N. (2016). The Effect of Offshore Shifts on Brand Attitude and Corporate Image. InLooking Forward, Looking Back: Drawing on the Past to Shape the Future of Marketing(pp. 305-308). Springer International Publishing. Fisher, J., Hirschheim, R., Jacobs, R., Lazaro, A. (2014). From Onshore to Offshore of IT Services Outsourcing: History of One Large Australian Organisations Journey. InInformation Systems Outsourcing(pp. 247-272). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Barriers to a Healthy Lifestyle-.com

Question: Discuss about the Various barriers to a healthy lifestyle are mostly attributed to healthful eating and physical activity. Answer: Introduction The World Health Organisation defines Health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Although the definition is has experienced criticism and debate due to the broad spectrum it intends to cover, it is evident that a wide range of factors can influence the health of a person starting from any genetic predisposition to small lifestyle choices one makes. In this context a healthy lifestyle is a way of living that reduces the incidence of serious illnesses and extends one life span and eventually help a person and his/her family to enjoy various aspect of life. The essay aims to elaborate the long-term significance of leading a healthy lifestyle, the barriers one might face in doing so and methods that can potentially overcome such barriers. Various barriers to a healthy lifestyle are mostly attributed to healthful eating and physical activity. Lack of Nutritional Knowledge At an intrapersonal level lack of knowledge regarding the nutritional values of ones diet and its consequences on health can be a major barrier to healthful eating. People seldom pay attention and importance to the nutritional knowledge of the products they are consuming. Nutritional knowledge must be augmented to overcome such eating barriers. Supportive educational programs can provide such knowledge to the general population (Kris-Etherton, 2014). Further people must be encouraged to use the labelled information provided (Miller Cassady, 2015). Healthcare professionals, nutritionist and doctors can play an important role in making the population aware of food attributes and their health consequences while communicating with the patients. Cultural patterns of food habit Social factors such as cultural patterns can limit intake of healthy food for particular ethnic groups which may turn out to be a potent factor in unhealthy food habits. Although cultural influences are often considered regarding eating disorders, few researches have explicitly linked or elucidated the cultural processes that cause such disorders. However, such cultural contributions towards unhealthy eating habits must be dealt with utmost care to avoid hurting the sentiment of the target population (Anderson, 2014). The most important role here is played by healthcare professionals in spreading awareness regarding the adverse consequences of unhealthy food habits on a frequent basis. Further, healthcare professionals should advocate policies on a local as well as national level that can promote access to healthy food choices. Social media and television advertisements often play crucial role in promoting certain food choices in the population (Caprio, 2008). Strict norms must be se t to avoid promotion of food with low nutritional value by food companies. Lack of self-motivation In terms of physical activity, perceptions of already being fit and lack of self-motivation often prove to be a determining factor for lack of physical activity. Lack of physical activity mostly in industrialized countries has reached to an alarming stage. Cumulated with unhealthy food habits physical inactivity has been proved to be a determining factor for the incidence of certain chronic and acute disorders like diabetes, hypertension and so on. To alleviate such trends nothing less than population-wide intervention will be sufficient. Physical activity behaviour can be influenced at several levels; multicomponent strategies can be implemented over individual strategies. Motivational interviewing strategies can be provided to individuals those who are resistant to physical activity behaviour changes. Community-based awareness programs should be conducted to change the attitude and perception of the larger group of people regarding the implications of physical activity in daily lif e (Cox, Smith Williams, 2008). Community based intervention are often more effective than at an individual level as it can change the overall lifestyle of the whole community where people can be influenced by each another. On an interpersonal level interventions can be provided by physicians or healthcare professionals to advice and urge their patients to engage themselves at a minimum level of physical activity. Healthcare professionals and physicians can be trained to deliver individualized physical activity advice according to the requirements of the patients. Environmental constraints may prevent a community to abstain from physical activity. Low cost environments such as sidewalks, parks, community recreation centres, swimming pools and so on must be available to the target population to facilitate and promote physical activities. Conclusion From the above discussion the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle is conspicuous. However, several barriers are widely prevalent that contribute to such trends in the population. They can range from a personal to a community level. Three major barriers identified, Lack of nutritional knowledge, Cultural food habit patterns and lack of self-motivation to engage in physical activities are some of the potent factors in this context. To change the public health scenario worldwide interventions are necessary along with intrapersonal contribution. References Anderson, E. N. (2014).Everyone eats: Understanding food and culture. NYU Press. Caprio, S., Daniels, S. R., Drewnowski, A., Kaufman, F. R., Palinkas, L. A., Rosenbloom, A. L., ... Kirkman, M. S. (2008). Influence of race, ethnicity, and culture on childhood obesity: implications for prevention and treatment.Obesity,16(12), 2566-2577. Cox, A. E., Smith, A. L., Williams, L. (2008). Change in physical education motivation and physical activity behavior during middle school.Journal of adolescent health,43(5), 506-513. Kris-Etherton, P. M., Akabas, S. R., Bales, C. W., Bistrian, B., Braun, L., Edwards, M. S., ... Pratt, C. A. (2014). The need to advance nutrition education in the training of health care professionals and recommended research to evaluate implementation and effectiveness.The American journal of clinical nutrition,99(5), 1153S-1166S. Miller, L. M. S., Cassady, D. L. (2015). The effects of nutrition knowledge on food label use. A review of the literature.Appetite,92, 207-216.

The Marketing Strategy of Chinese E-Commerce Market-the Example of Ebay Failed in China free essay sample

This is the reason of why I consider this topic in my thesis. EBay, a world leading company on the E-commerce market. They have really strong power of competition in the E-commerce market in the world even there have a lot of competitors like Amazon, Alibaba. In 2002 they entered Chinese E-commerce market and they have been acquiring one of the top E-commerce brand: Eachnet in China. But the benefit from Chinese market is not as well as their plan even they spend a lot of money and never stop investing in the Chinese market. After 4 years they sell the on-line business to Tom goup in 2006. So before we talk about the reasons of eBay failed in Chinese market, we should think about how E-commerce creates value. In 2001 one theory created by Raphael Amit and Christoph Zott that E-commerce creates value from 4 points: Novelty, Lock-in, Efficiency, Complementarities. There has another theory created by G. We will write a custom essay sample on The Marketing Strategy of Chinese E-Commerce Market-the Example of Ebay Failed in China or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page T. Lumpkin and Gregory Dess, They thought the E-commerce was creates value by Search, Product Reviews and Reports, Problem-solving, transaction. In my thesis I focus on the why eBay company which have such strong ability to create value but they have to face many problems in Chinese E-commerce market and they lose in this market. In my thesis I will discusses and analysis the reasons of eBay failed in China because the wrong market strategies and the market strategies of the Taobao which actually become the most powerful E-commerce brand in China.

A Raisin in the Sun (Researched Analysis)

A Raisin in the Sun (Researched Analysis) Introduction The paper is an analysis of the play A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry. This was the first play written by a black woman and first appeared in 1959 and it about the life of Youngers, an African-American family. Youngers resided in a segregated neighborhood in Chicago.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on A Raisin in the Sun (Researched Analysis) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The play through its various well nurtured characters have successfully brought out various themes such as sexuality, American dream, civil rights, culture, poverty, faith, compromise, tolerance and prejudice, primacy of family racism and oppression (Hansberry 55). The essay will concentrate on the climaxes in the play, faith as well as racial discrimination. Climax in this play has been brought out clearly and successfully by the author. Climax is a situation in which there is a clear twist of events that usually take either form, good or bad. Similarly, climax is used to refer to the end of the piece of art that is usually captivating and can leave people either happy or sad and mostly in dilemma. On the other hand racial discrimination refers to a situation where an individual or a group of persons are treated in an unfair manner due to their skin color or cultural background (Orlando 7). Thirdly, the issue of faith comes out clearly in the play. This is true and clearly depicted by mama, after receiving the check, she indeed bought a house and entrusted his son with the remaining some. Additionally, the family of Youngers again confirmed their faith in Walter after he refused to take the offer Mr. Lindler was offering the Youngers’ so that they cannot move to their new apartment. Racial discrimination has occurred and supported by the fact that the Youngers were unfairly treated by Mr. Lindler who tried to block them from going to their newly bought house. Climax in the play is realize d when Walter is made to understand by Bobo that Willy, the man entrusted with the money to start a liquor business has run away with the money, this thus killed Walters dream of becoming a business man. Another climax based on the second definition is when Mr. Lindler the white man was bluntly informed by Walter that the Youngers have not relented on their quest to move to their newly acquired house.Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By definition, racial discrimination refers to a situation whereby someone’s skin color is used as a factor to determine a number of issues such as concerning jobs, acquisition of property, and promotion among others. It is generally the unfair treatment of an individual or group of persons on the basis of their skin color. In the play A Raisin in the Sun, there are clear instances where the Youngers have been sidelined as a result of being black (Hansberry 148). The first case of racial discrimination is depicted when the life style of Youngers is described, a bigger family that only have one bathroom and where one must wait for his turn to get a shower. This kind of life facing the Youngers can be associated with the difficulties of black American to secure employment. In case they are lucky, they are only capable of working in jobs that have very little earnings that cannot sustain life of an average human being. From the play we are told Walter works as chauffer for a white family, the salary from such kind of work cannot be sufficient enough to sustain such a big family. Similarly, what Mama says summarizes it all, â€Å"We just plain working folks.† On the same note what Walter says about his wife that she has been working â€Å"in somebody else’s kitchen for the last three years to help put clothes on her [Beneathas] back† (Hansberry 111). It is presumably house of a whi te native and she endured unfair treatment while struggling to fend for the family. Additionally, the issue of discrimination came to light in the play when mama bough a new house in Clybourne Park. Mr. Lindner, a white later come to the Youngers family and claimed to be the chairman of Clybourne Park Improvement Association. When he was offered a drink, he blatantly refused just because it was offered to him by a black. We later learn that his motive was to purchase the house bought by the Youngers, since he (Mr. Lindler) claims that the place where the newly acquired house for the Youngers is unsuitable for them; they do not deserve to leave in such an area. He plainly puts it, â€Å"Negro families are happier when they live in their own communities.† (Hansberry, 73) Although it is not very clear whether, Beneatha refusal to accept the attention of Murchison George a local was on the basis of race, it is clear that she liked Asagai more so because he was intelligent, articu late and proud of their race, Africans.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on A Raisin in the Sun (Researched Analysis) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Use of climax as a literature style is very significant as it keeps things or themes in the piece of art rolling as well as bringing things into conclusion. A good example of climax is depicted where Bobo brought made it known that Willy did run away with the money Mama had given Walter which he intended to open a liquor business, the hidden agenda of Walter then comes to light (Hansberry 91). As a result of such revelation, every member of the Youngers family was now aware of what Walter was unto with all the money entrusted to him by mama. Walter trust by mama has now diminished so to speak. This again makes the trust Mama had in him fade away, although she claimed previously when asked by Walter, â€Å"You trust me like that, Mama? Mama echoed that she still trusts him. Similarly, Walters’s dream of trying his hands on liquor business hit a snug. Another clear example of climax in the play is when Walter stood on his ground against what he had promised Mr. Lindner concerning the buying of the house the Youngers had acquired (Cummings 12) The news of Ruth being pregnant can also provide us with a typical example of climax. Although it was not planned by mama, we see her assigning some $3, 500 dollars as well as providing moral support and strongly object the idea of Ruth aborting.. Again the argument between Walter and his wife Ruth resulted to Walter proposing that Beneatha should either concentrate on her nursing career or just get married (Orlando 2). Faith in the play is depicted especially by mama. She strongly believes in her family despite the fact that she is in hard financial times. After receiving her check, she bought a house for her family; this not only depicts motherly love but also faith in her family members (Hansb erry 126). Additionally, she entrusted Walter, her son with the remaining sum of money. We see Walter being amazed and asking his mother if she had that strong believe in him, and what mama replies is that no single day has she lost trust in him (Cummings 4). Additionally, through Hansberry 126 we see an act of faith when mama set aside money for the purposes of educating Beneatha. The amount totals to $3,500. No one could have done that especially considering that the family was African-American. This shows us that mama has a dream that Beneatha is indeed capable of becoming a nurse which is her dreams.Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, Ruth, Walter’s wife has no faith in him. When she found out that she was pregnant, after fainting earlier that day, she immediately opted for an abortion on the grounds that Walter will not provide for the additional kid due to financial problems (Hansberry 117). From the review of the play A Raisin in the Sun, the use of climax has been brought out effectively making the work interesting as well as captivating. Among the examples of climax in the play is when Walter refused Mr. Lindner offers on the house Mama had bought, additionally, the reporting of Willy running away with the money Walter had given him brought a new twist of events. On the other hand, the play brings out clearly the issue of racial discrimination. It is evident that the Youngers were leaving in a congested house since they could not secure well paying jobs due to their skin color. When mama bought a new and bigger house for the family, the white man who purported to be the chairman of Clybourne Park Improvement Association attempted to frustrate their effort just because the Youngers are black. Faith is also clearly depicted by mama in the play. This play is a typical literature on what happened to blacks in the past and indeed to a small extent at the present. Cummings, Michael. Lorraine Hansberry’s – A Raisin in the Sun / (The Ghetto Trap). 2010. Review of Arising In The Sun. Hansberry, Lorainne. A Raisin in the Sun. New York: Vintage Books, 1988. Orlando Green Review: â€Å"A Raisin in The Sun†, 2000. Web. Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun Summary. Web.

Seven brides of seven brothers Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Seven brides of seven brothers - Movie Review Example ies of the world by different names, such as, ‘Satte Pe Satta’ by the Indian film industry, which proves the worldwide success and reception of the film. 2. The history of westward expansion and settlement of the United States links with the theme of the play. In Oregon 1.3 km2 was allocated to each unmarried individual and 2.6 km2 was allocated to married couples during the time of settlement. It seems like every person living at that time had in mind that living in the form of a couple would be in huge benefit for them not only for fulfilling their sexual desires legally but also to get ownership of a large piece of land. 3. After watching the play, it seems like it is the world of men and women are supposed to live under the shadow of men either voluntarily or involuntarily. For example, in the play, the women first opposed their kidnapping but then they agreed to the circumstances and eventually fell in love with their new suitors. This shows that males dominate women and women have somewhat learned and agreed to this. 4. The production as staged at the Ellen Eccles Theatre is an attempt to perform the play the same way as it has been played in original. However, live musical can never match the filmed musical because filmed musicals are free of acting and production flaws. For instance, live musicals such as Seven Brides for Seven Brothers show staged at the Ellen Eccles Theatre gave some signs of coordination, direction, and music management flaws regardless of with how much attention the play was

The external factors the will have an impact on the future of the Essay

The external factors the will have an impact on the future of the clients business - Essay Example There has not been noted any significant changes within this external environment that will impact on the client. Expansion is the key to unlocking business success and business competitiveness. But in order for the client to effectively evaluate where they stand in terms of business expansion possibilities a clear and defined topic related research has to be understood. This will enhance the chances of success while limiting the chances of future business failure. The benefits of the tourism industry in relation to travel are that it is an industry that is constantly growing and changing. The raison d'etre of an industry is clearly economic, but the sustained economic success can also have environmental, social and cultural benefits. As Europe's largest industry with great opportunities for employment there can be no let up in the efforts to ensure that tourism continues to prosper and grow." http://www.rete.toscana.it/sett/turismo/euromeeting_2003/greg_richards_engl.pdf The main concern when a company is entering a new market is whether the political and legal environemt will allow room for the business. The client is part of the EU ccommunity which aims to implement progress in all the political and legal aspects of all the community members. ... The main concern when a company is entering a new market is whether the political and legal environemt will allow room for the business. The client is part of the EU ccommunity which aims to implement progress in all the political and legal aspects of all the community members. These are the benefits that the client can consider since it is also clear that the EU community intends to improve the tourism industy as well. Culture The external enviroment which will act as a plus for the client is culture. This is due to the commonly accepted fact that people are interested in exploring other cultures. The reason that people are also aiming to travel more is that they want to experience different aspects of the different cultures. It might seem that since the EU is becoming one community all the cultures will adopt each others habits, therefore making the experience of travelling outside ones home country mundane and boring. However most countries pride themselves in their heritage and therefore aim to keep it that way. So in this respect the option of expanding is more viable as culture keeps the flames of curiosity burning. Technology Technology is one aspect that is constaly changing and the rate of change often has a high impact on the small businesses. This external factor will play a role in whether the client is sucessful or not. So in analysing this option the main focus will lie on the countries that the client intends to expand in. These countries fall within the EU community and if one aspect of technology affects one of the community memebers the logical conclusion will be that the same affect will happen in the rest of the community. However to ensure that business progresses within the EU community, the decision makers have

Corrections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Corrections - Essay Example W., n.d.). With the dreaded conditions stated above and with the fact that crime is being associated with the poor economic background of people, politicians and the general public deem that bending prison policies such as the mandatory sentencing and punishing of technical parole violations rather than extending parole time would be best to not only effectively curb criminal cases despite limited resources but at the same time help these criminals to be able to pay the legal consequences of their acts immediately and at the same time be able to move on with their life without delay which will also help them support their families better and not worsen the problem of budget challenges (Criminal Justice USA, n.d.). This is because of the fact that in most cases, those who have been incarcerated have slashed annual earnings because many employers would refuse to hire them and given the fact that most of those incarcerated are the breadwinners of their family, delaying parole time is not the solu tion for both the criminal and the society. This is something that Justice Anthony Kennedy affirmed, pushing for the review of political outcomes and processes to improve the problem of overcrowding, prison medical and mental health, and most especially, the post incarceration impacts in a criminal’s life and society as a whole. 10 Stats You Should Know About Our Prison System - Criminal Justice USA. (n.d.). CriminalJusticeUSA.com - Criminal Justice Careers, Jobs and Degree Information. Retrieved August 24, 2012, from http://www.criminaljusticeusa.com/blog/2011/10-stats-you-should-know-about-our-prison-system/ Miller, D. W. (n.d.). The Drain of Public Prison Systems and the Role of Privatization, ProQuest Discovery Guides. CSA. Retrieved August 24, 2012, from

Economic Country Analysis For Poland Economics Essay

Economic Country Analysis For Poland Economics Essay 1. Introduction: Today with a GDP of 2,7% (2010 figure projected by European Commission) Poland is one of the fastest growing European economies. The country suffered relatively little from the recent financial crisis in the world markets due to a large internal demand for consumer goods from the growing middle class and low level of household debt compared to its western peers. In addition there has been almost no exposure to sub-prime mortgage product, the country did however suffer from lower demand for its export products. (European Commission, 2009) The Polish state went through a major transformation since it abolished communism in 1989. It joined NATO in 1999, and the European Union in May 2004. With a population of 38.1 million it is the 6th most populated country in the EU. Polands capital is Warsaw and it has a population of around 2 million inhabitants. Poland has an area of 312,678 sq km and is geographically located in the heart of Europe between Germany and Russia. Polands strategic geographic position has been a source of conflicts and for many centuries, currently its attracting foreign direct investment as it is the EUs gateway to the east. (GUS, 2010) Despite steady economic development Poland still has a large development gap to close compared with countries such as Germany or Britain. Currently the GNI per capita is $11,880 (World Bank, 2008). It is expected to join the Euro zone in 2012-2014. Countrys main export products are: foodstuffs, machinery, transportation equipment and chemicals. Polands political situation is stable with a liberal pro reforms government in office. One last thing to keep in mind is that the Catholic Church plays an important role and despite the fact that it is formally separated from the state it does have a large impact on the social policy. The aim of this report is to look at Polands economy from a broad international investors perspective and give some recommendations whether it is a good destination for investment. 2. Factual description Political and social situation The political stage in Poland has been shocked by the crash of the government plane in April 2010 where countrys residing president, Lech Kaczynski, and many prominent politicians have died. Despite the tremendous scale of the tragedy the markets have been largely intact indicating investors confidence in the Polish economy. The political system can be described as a mix of parliamentary and presidential with a somewhat dominant position of the legislative branch. President Kaczynskis death forced a new presidential election where Bronislaw Komorowski, previous speaker of the parliament and a prominent politician of Civic-Platform, came out victorious in the second round having defeated ex-Presidents twin brother and leader of the parliamentary opposition Jaroslaw Kaczynski. Mr Komorowski is closely connected with the center Civic Platform-led government which suggests that the Prime Minister, Donald Tusk, will be more capable of introducing new reforms. Because Poland has traditional had a largely fragmented multiparty system, the current government is a coalition between the above mentioned Civic Platform and PSL. The international investors should welcome recent changes in the political environment both the legislative and executive branch of the government are largely open to friendly political and economic relations with both the EU and its biggest neighbour Russia. Poland is the only EU country to start its recovery without having fallen into recession, and we expect a continued gradual strengthening of growth in 2010-2011. (Eastern European outlook, 2009) Economic structure and growth According to the European Commission, in 2010 Poland will be the fastest developing country in the EU. Strong economic performance should continue throughout 2011 when Poland is expected to remain amongst the fastest growing economies in Europe (Business news, 2010). Nowadays polish economy is well diversified. The traditionally dominant agricultural sector currently contributes 5% of GDP while, it is a large beneficent of the CAP policy and requires major improvements in its production efficiency. The industrial sector of the economy makes up 30% of the GDP. The sector is mainly concentrated around food processing industries, the automotive industry (the biggest brands Deawoo and Fiat) and labor-intensive processes such as textiles and clothing industry. Polands highly educated work force and relatively low labor prices have attracted investment from many international companies. Especially German firms with labor-intensive processes have moved to Poland to benefit from lower wages . Increasing wages are expected to incentivize these firms to move on to other low-wage countries. While this may sound like bad news, the good news is that Poland is now seen as a destination for knowledge intensive businesses with higher profit margins. With one of the largest internal markets in the EU, Poland is a heavyweight both within the region and the Community. Poland has a relatively closed economy, with a relatively well balanced import and export structure slight dominance of imports. Polands GDP growth is expected to reach 2.7% in 2010 and 3.3% in 2011. (such prognoses for Polands economy were presented on May 5th, 2010 by the European Commission) In 2008 unemployment fell to 9.8% (a historic low), but climbed back to 11% in 2009, and remains above the EU average. Inflation for 2008 reached 4.3%, more than the upper limit of the National Bank of Polands target range (3%), but fell to 3.4% in 2009 due to global economic slowdown. If Poland wants to sustain its rapid economic development and attract both development of regional business and foreign investment it needs to address several issues: simplify laws and lower the time required to form new businesses, streamline its rigid labour code, improve the efficiency of its commercial court system. Furthermore, the state has to address the issues of growing spending on the health care and pension systems. These areas cripple the budget and Poland has a budget deficit little beyond 3% of GDP. One of the reasons the state faces these issues is negative population growth and aging society a problem Europe is largely familiar with. (Theodora, 2010) Country Forecast Overview (3 Year) Key Indicators 2009 2010 2011 Real GDP Growth (%) 1.70 3.10 3.40 Consumer Price Inflation (av;%) 3.45 2.50 2.30 Budget Balance (% of GDP) -1.77 -3.00 -2.80 Current-Account Balance (% of GDP) -1.67 -3.00 -3.40 Exchange Rate US$:Euro (av) 3.12 3.12 3.14 Exchange Rate US$:Euro(year-end) 2.85 3.13 3.10 Source: Country Forecast Poland May 2010 Country Forecast Overview (3 Year) Key Indicators 2009 2010 2011 Real GDP Growth (%) 1.70 3.10 3.40 Consumer Price Inflation (av;%) 3.45 2.50 2.30 Budget Balance (% of GDP) -1.77 -3.00 -2.80 Current-Account Balance (% of GDP) -1.67 -3.00 -3.40 Exchange Rate US$:Euro (av) 3.12 3.12 3.14 Exchange Rate US$:Euro(year-end) 2.85 3.13 3.10 Source: Country Forecast Poland May 2010 Year GDP in Billions of USD PPP % GDP Growth 2005 518.00 3.65 2006 567.48 6.27 2007 623.43 6.86 2008 668.58 5.00 2009 688.69 1.70 Source: EIU Country Data 2009 2008 GDP (purchasing power parity) $686.2 billion $678.8 billion GDP per capita (PPP): $17,800 $17,600 Labor force: 16.99 million Unemployment rate: 11% 9.8% Investment (gross fixed): 20.7% of GDP Public debt: 47.5% of GDP 45.2% of GDP Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.4% 4.2% GDP composition by sector (2009): agriculture: 4.6% industry: 28.1% services: 67.3% Labor force by occupation (2005): agriculture: 17.4% industry: 29.2% services: 53.4% Export / import structure Polands geographical position between the developed Western states and the emerging markets of Eastern Europe (Russia, Ukraine and perhaps Belorussia in the future) makes it a strategic location for exporting industries trying to access high demand consumer markets (Lopez, 2009). Polish main agricultural products are: potatoes, fruits, vegetables, wheat; poultry, eggs, pork. Major industrial sectors are: machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass blowing, beverages, textiles. Polands exports in 2009 (est.) equaled $134.7 billion down from $178.4 billion in 2008. The export structure by products is as follows: machinery and transport equipment 37.8%, intermediate manufactured goods 23.7%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 17.1%, food and live animals 7.6%. The export structure by destination is: Germany 24.9%, France 6.2%, Italy 6%, UK 5.7%, Czech Republic 5.6%, Russia 5.3% (2008) Polands imports in 2009 reached $141.7 billion (est.), significantly below the $204.4 billion for 2008. The imports structure by products is as follows: machinery and transport equipment 38%, intermediate manufactured goods 21%, chemicals 14.8%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, and related materials 9.1%. The imports structure by trading partner is: Germany 28.3%, Russia 9.9%, Italy 6.2%, Netherlands 5.4%, France 4.8%, China 4.5%, Czech Republic 4% (2008) (Source: CIA WorldFactbook, 2010 ) Budget (2009): revenues: $83.68 billion expenditures: $93.47 billion Fiscal policy The direction of fiscal and monetary policies is largely influenced by the European Union and Polands ambition to join the Euro-zone. Adopting of the single currency requires the state to reform the public finance and curb the inflation and budget deficit in line with guidelines of the ERM II. The government had a deadline in mind to join the Euro-zone in 2012 however due to the global financial crisis it has been rumored that the date may be pushed back to 2013-2014. Before this happens Polands constitution needs to be amended and the budget balance has to be brought back to 3% of GDP. (Europa Press releases, 2009) Fight with the fiscal deficit is made difficult by the fact that currently around 66% of the spending is fixed with major portion of the funding going to social security/pension schemes and wages in the public sector. Over the next two years the fiscal deficit is projected to oscillate around 3-4%. On the positive side the government has proposed a tightening of its budget in July 2010 and hopes to benefit from the expected rise in the economic cycle. What may worry potential investors is that the upcoming parliamentary elections will incentivize the government to postpone and budget cuts until it secures a second turn. Another issue is the public debt level. This is especially a hot topic due to the situation in Greece. Polands public debt level has stabilized over past 5 years due to strong economic growth, in 2008 it has slightly exceeded 45% of the GDP and by the end of 2010 should be just below 50% of GDP. While this is still an acceptable level as Maastricht treaty has set the limit at 60%, it should be kept in mind that going beyond 50,55,60% will trigger more strict targets for fiscal restraint. (The Market Oracle, 2009) Monetary policy The main goal behind the monetary policy in Poland is to contain the inflation within the 2.5% +/- 1% target band. The National Bank of Poland has lowered the policy rate from a high of 6% in October 2008 to 3.5% in June 2009 in an attempt to stimulate the economy (Reintje Maasdam, 2009). The gradual appreciation of the Zloty (since March 2010) aids monetary loosening. However, as inflation remains stubbornly high, the NBP is reluctant to cut rates further. Moreover, if the interest-rate differential with the euro zone and Switzerland is narrowed too much, this could push the zloty down again. 2009 and in 2010, the slowing economy will curb wage growth with a disinflationary effect, while the strengthening zloty will also help to keep inflation in check. Inflation is expected to be around 2.5% in 2010. The zloty responded strongly to the risk aversion to Eastern Europe. 3. Analysis of factors influencing the business environment Thanks to largely limited exposure to subprime mortgages, consistent fiscal and monetary policy, large internal market and low level of household debt, Poland was more immune to the turbulence on the world markets than other members of the European Community. Poland was the only state in the EU in 2009 to report a positive economic growth of 1,8% GDP. source: Data from Central Statistical Office  as of  31.05.2010  and Eurostat as of 12.05.2010.   Poland currently is the main recipient of EU cohesion funds, with EU transfers set to reach an annual average of 3.3% of GDP in the coming years (Katarzyna Szulc, 2008). This should allow for major investment in infrastructure including railway, highways and new airports, which will in turn help attract large inward FDI flow. This is all good news for the investors, especially if we keep in mind that there are major investments made due to the preparations for 2012 Euro Cup. Postponing of the adoption of the euro has been seen as a major issue until recently, but now with the events in Greece many people find the polish zloty comforting. Poland has a generally well educated population which allows it to be competitive in more knowledge intensive industries but needs to improve the ease of doing business. It is currently constrained by large bureaucracy and outdated laws governing new business formulation and taxation. Perhaps the legislators need not look as far as Singapore for success stories and benchmarks for best practices but can turn to their Baltic colleagues. Poland Compared to global good practice economy as well as selected economies: Source: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank Washington, D.C.Doing Business 2010, Poland, 2009 Poland has been successively reducing the gap separating it from the 15 old EU countries. In 2000, Polands GDP per capita was USD 4.473 and in 2009 it rose more than four times to reach USD 18.072. Our country has also recorded a stable increase in consumer expenditure at an average annual rate of 5 percent. source: World Economic Outlook Database, October 2009 4. Recommendations and issues for discussion Poland will most likely remain a good destination for investment over the next couple years. While it may perhaps not yield returns as high as less developed countries such as Kazakhstan it is characterized by a much lower risk profile and transparent legal and political systems. Poland is currently a major recipient of EU funding which helps improve the infrastructure and lower the gap between rural and urban areas. Furthermore the Euro 2012 requires an enormous rise of the hospitality and transportation sectors. The even should help promote Poland around the world and lead to an influx of tourists. Poland also benefits from a rising middle class which is a source of high demand for consumer goods. In addition as there will be further growth in the real estate sector as the ratio between the number of dwellings and inhabitants is below EU average. These trends should be strengthened by the planned reductions in the personal income tax.

Rheumatoid Arthritis Essay -- essays research papers

Rheumatoid Arthritis or (RA) is an autoimmune disease that attacks the joints and connective tissue. The result is inflammation that produces permanent damage in the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic syndrome that tends to be progressive and destructive as compared to Osteoarthritis or (OA), which is more of an age related disease caused by â€Å"wear and tear† of the joints. In contrast to (OA), rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by inflammation mostly of the joints, but is a general body disease. The type of joint that is chronically affected is the synovial joint. The bones that are at a synovial joint are covered by articular cartilage; which reduces friction and absorbs shock. The space between the articulating bones is called the synovial cavity, which is surrounded by an articular capsule. The outer layer of the capsule is called the fibrous capsule and consists of dense irregular connective tissue. The inner layer of the capsule is lined with the synovial membrane, which is composed of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers and may also contain adipose tissue. In a healthy joint the synovial membrane produces synovial fluid. The fluid not only reduces friction and lubricates the joint, but it also supplies nutrients and removes debris, wastes, and microbes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rheumatoid arthritis affects twice as many women as it does men. It can develop in child hood, but in most cases it develops between the ages of twenty-five and fifty. Rheumatoid arthritis itself may not be inherited, but what can be inherited are the genes that may make someone more likely to develop the disease including those genes that control the immune system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Normally the immune system protects your body against foreign proteins like bacteria, fungi, or viruses and it does this by attacking them and producing antibodies. In Rheumatoid arthritis the immune system loses it’s ability to tell the difference between these antigens and the bodies normal cells. The body begins to attack the normal cells by using its plasma cells to produce antibodies called serum rheumatoid factors (RF). The chemical messengers called cytokines control the inflammatory process. One of the key cytokines is called Tumor Necrosis Factor or TNF; which is part of the normal inflammatory process. People with rheumatoid arthritis have been foun... ...neumonitis, bone marrow suppression, and with long term use even malignancy. Treatment also consists of rest and a nutritious diet. Some supplements such as fish or plant oils can be taken to partially relief some of Cavezza 7 the symptoms because they can decrease the production of prostaglandins. Exercise and physiotherapy can restore muscle mass and help preserve the range of motion. This is recommended after the inflammation subsides. Another alternative if or when drugs fail is arthroscopic or surgical synovectomy, which temporarily relieves inflammation. Prosthetic replacement of joints is possible, but this greatly reduces the functionality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rheumatoid arthritis affects everyone differently. In most patients, joint symptoms develop gradually over several years. In some people, rheumatoid arthritis may progress rapidly. Other people may have rheumatoid arthritis for a limited period of time and then enter a period of remission. More than two million people in the United States alone have rheumatoid arthritis and with research and development of new drugs and gene therapy there may be a clearer picture of a patients future and quality of life.

Global Warming and Water Resources Essay

Climate change is a global problem. Its causes a string of effects but particularly, it affects water resources. As global warming affects the marine ecosystems and as it contributes to the melting of the polar ice caps, mankind is facing a bleaker future. Climate change, also known as global warming or the greenhouse effect is caused by the excessive amounts of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere. These greenhouse gases prevent heat from escaping the atmosphere resulting in a considerable warming of temperature. This phenomenon results in many problems. This greenhouse effect is natural and without it, the Earth would be too cold to sustain the current ecosystem, but the problem is the warming of the planet is reaching very high levels (West, What is the Greenhouse). The melting of the polar ice caps is a major concern especially when talking of global warming. One particular aspect is that the melting of the polar ice caps will result in rising sea levels. According to the National Snow and Ice Data Center, sea levels would rise by as much as 230 feet if all the polar ice caps melted. This will provide a threat to people especially those living near the coastlines (5 Deadliest Effects, 2007). The ice caps are formed from fresh water and the melting of these polar ice caps makes seawater more saline. Thus, it creates an imbalance in the marine ecosystem. In one case, swarms of jellywish invaded the waters near the coastline where they usually do not reside in. A survey by Oceana indicated that they are ten jellyfish for every square meter in some coastal areas in Spain. According to Frances Peters from the Institute of Marine Science in Barcelona, higher water temperature and higher water salinity forces these creatures to move to waters near the coastline (BBC, 2008). The melting of the ice caps also threatens different species of animals in the arctic region. Due to the changes in their natural habitat, some animals in this part of the world may find it hard to adapt to the changes which can ultimately lead to their extinction (5 Deadliest Effects, 2007). Climate change also results in seawater turning into acid. Excess carbon dioxide is absorbed by the sea and when carbon dioxide is mixed with seawater, a weak type of carbonic acid is formed. Erosion provides the waters with a natural buffer to the acid which is the calcium coming from rocks that underwent weathering. However, rising carbon dioxide levels have began to alter this balance. The rising acidity of seawater poses a threat to the thriving marine ecosystems including the corals (Spotts, 2004). A huge portion of the Earth is water and water is a main component of life. If water resources are affected by climate change, thus, all living things would be affected. A disturbance in the balance of marine life as an effect of global warming will affect the world’s food supply since many people rely on fish as food. Coral bleaching results in the fish having no food or shelter (Markey, 2006). Climate change has also resulted in many problems for people such as droughts and floods. These two incidents affect food production. Droughts constitutes in the absence of an irrigation system for the field while floods destroy planted crops. Drinking water also becomes a problem in some extreme cases of droughts (Struck, 2007) Experts indicate that it is not too late to stop global warming. It may be prevented by cutting down on the greenhouse gas emissions which is why the Kyoto Protocol came into existence. The Kyoto Protocol aims to bring down emission levels of countries that have ratified it. The United States refused to ratify the Kyoto Protocol which 178 countries signed on the ground that it will have severe economic effects on the country. Many criticized the administration of George W. Bush for such a response (West, Should the United). Methods of limiting greenhouse gas emissions can be done to curb the problem such as using more environment-friendly means of transportation and resorting to energy sources that produce no greenhouse gas emissions. These can be done by countries to limit their greenhouse gas emissions to comply with the demands of the protocol. Electrcic cars or other alternative vehicles that produce no emissions should be adopted. Using coal to produce electricity should also be put to a halt since it produces huge amounts of carbon dioxide. There are many alternative energy sources aside from fossil fuels such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy an hydroelectric energy. All these can produce virtually no amount of greenhouse gases and are even more economical. If every nation would adopt these steps, global warming could easily be stopped and reversed. The challenge here is the transition. It would take great effort to completely change all energy sources to more environment-friendy energy sources. The use of non-fossil-fuel-powered vehicles may also be difficult to adopt since not all people can afford to get a new vehicle at a given time. Adopting these steps eliminate dependence on oil and oil-producing countries. On the other side of the fence, these steps would result in decreased revenues from oil which could render some people jobless. Educating the public would also be an important step to make them more aware. This would not be too hard as a process since the media is now becoming more aware of environmental concerns such as global warming. Politicians are also starting to put attention on the subject. All these steps must start from government efforts since they have the resources and the attention of the public. The steps must be done in large scale proportions. Even little efforts to help decrease greenhouse gas emissions but the cooperation of everyone is needed to really have an effect. Legislating laws to demand compliance would be a viable step.

The title of my essay is Campaign Finance Reform.

The title of my essay is Campaign Finance Reform. Having tight regulations for campaign finances is the best way for running campaign finances. This is true in that it would reduce the corrupting role of unlimited contributions, reduce the effort required to raise funds, but unregulated campaign finances also have their benefits.Firm rules for campaign finances would reduce the corrupting role of unlimited contributions. This would be done by increasing individual contribution limits, so that it would reduce the time candidates spend raising money. Also, it would allow more small donors of money back into politics to voice their opinion. Moreover, it would raise the limit to $3,000, which just alters the $1,000 limit for 25 years of inflation. It would give improved chance for all candidates to get their messages through.Another benefit of having a strict system for campaign finances is that it would reduce the effort required to raise funds. This would cause the candidates to be more concerned with the issues than the money they ha ve to raise.FinancesAlso, this would give candidates opportunities to compete against rich adversary's funding their own campaigns. Likewise, it would make available indispensable responsibility of political campaigners to the electorate. Finally, it would help in reducing large donors in campaigns.However, it does seem that unregulated campaign finance also has its benefits. Such as, soft money would not be banned allowing there to be no corrupting, because it is between a candidate and their political party. Also, it would give challengers the ability to raise the money they need to build up a triumphant campaign. In addition, regulating campaign finances is like restricting the First Amendment for political parties and their candidates. Furthermore, political affairs and political campaigns belong to the people, and not the candidates or the national government.In conclusion, restricted campaign finances are very beneficial in that it diminishes the corrupting role of limitless d onations, decrease the endeavor necessary to increase money for a campaign; however, a loose system for campaign finance also has benefits. Also, a restricted structure for campaign finance would make our political system healthier and better.

computer language essays

computer language essays Everything in this world always changes and develops itself into something better and in some cases worse. One of the fastest changing environments is IT and all of the specific parts that make it up. For example, if a person were to go buy a top of the line, state of the art home computer, it would become obsolete within the month. Not every part of the IT state becomes obsolete that fast, but sooner or later it does. One of the biggest parts of the IT industry is the programming side of the industry. From Fortran, Cobol, C++ and Java, these languages are brought to the top and kept there until they are brought down by another language. In the early years of programming the top dogs of the industry were switched out by Fortran and Cobol. Every developer and programmer used these two dominant programming forces. Today, we see some Fortran and Cobol in the industry, but both languages are slowly becoming scarce. New and improved languages have since replaced the older languag es. Java and C++ each have their own advantages and disadvantages. C++ is viewed as a solid, mature, mainstream tool, and it has widespread industry support making it "good from a business perspective. There are countless numbers of companies and government sites that make use of C++, and the number of C++ developers doubles every year. From a business perspective, C++ has many benefits. First, it has a huge installed base, which means there will be multi vendor support for tools, environments, consulting services, etc. C++ is also becoming standardized, there are American and international groups working closely with each other to develop a standard C++ language. But for now, the defending champion as of right now is C++. From the most modern software developers to the Texas A ...

Health Care Continuum Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Care Continuum - Assignment Example The concept is manifest in the application of life support machines for the extreme sick cases. Fayetteville, North Carolina has sufficient long-term care options including outsourcing of the health services. Additionally, the health centers in Fayetteville, North Carolina have acquired sophisticated medical equipment to cater for the long term health care services. The other option the region has is the offering of free guidance and counseling services because some terminal illnesses are caused by ignorance of the patients. The continuity health care services, which will be required in my community, include the provision of diagnostic equipment and proper prescription of drugs in order to promote prompt recuperation. Austine and Wetle’s claim that Mental Health Services are a Combination of Services is true because the delivery of medical services can never be unilateral. The health of a person is complex, thus it requires much attention from the medical practitioners. This initiative requires coordination of many health experts in various specializations. The recuperation of a patient results from concerted effort of more than one medical practitioner. In this regard, the continuum health care requires the service of many health care providers in order to achieve the goals and objectives of the health care sector. The integrated delivery systems ensure sound delivery of continuum health care. The continuum of healthcare ensures that there is integration of medical services in order to achieve efficiency and quality of the healthcare service. The headache of the integrated delivery system is the fragmented American health care system. According to Halloran, and Lowenstein (2010), there is a need for the integration of the health care in order to have a regulated health care system. In this regard, health care resources will be utilized for the welfare of the citizens. Additionally, the integration of the services will allow

Research project - what are the effects of multiple losses on children Essay

Research project - what are the effects of multiple losses on children with special reference to Looked After Children - Essay Example nge of background situations such as abuse, domestic violence, marital breakdown, imprisonment of a parent, poverty and mental illness of a parent and death of one or both parents, that can lead to a child becoming looked after (Richardson and Joughin, 2000, pp.3-4). When these factors are combined, multiple losses occur (Goldman, 2001, pp.28). These multiple losses include, loss of parental care, economic security, and emotional security (Goldman, 2001, pp.28-39). The literature has been found to show many omissions regarding how to tackle the issues of children suffering from multiple losses. These include, strategies that could be used to respond to the needs of LAC experiencing multiple losses in order to minimise its impact on them. The real impact of multiple losses has also been underexplored. To fill the lacunae left by the reviewed literature, a hypothetical research proposal to carry out a primary research ‘exploring the factors that contribute to multiple losses in looked after children and identify the strategies to help these children cope with these losses is put forth in the fourth chapter. This study envisages to apply a qualitative approach enabled by a semi-structured approach to data collection. The sampling method will be purposive and 25 looked after children living in different types of care institutions, who have suffered multiple losses will be interviewed. This project will be an attempt to look into the topic of multiple losses and the effects that these have upon children – paying special attention to the issue of ‘Looked After Children’. One definition of loss is that â€Å"a loss event is anything that causes†¦.harm, excessive risk, inadequate quality and excessive costs† (Latino, pp.45). Hooyman and Kramer stated that, â€Å"losses†¦. always result in deprivation of some kind; in essence, we no longer have someone or something that we used to have† (2006, pp.2). Additionally, the reason why loss matters so much is that

Ethical professional and cultural issues of ICT Essay

Ethical professional and cultural issues of ICT - Essay Example around the world, rights which have already legally been recognized are daily being violated, whether it is in the name of economic advancement, some religious causes, political stability, the fight against terrorism, or for various personal greed and interests. These violations of rights has created new problems in the human social systems, such as the digital divide, digital security, cybercrime and a number of privacy concerns, all of these have affected people’s lives either indirectly or directly. It is important for the countries like Britain to come up with an assessment of the current situation, followed by a guideline for a plan of action to combat the incidence of malicious attacks on the integrity, confidentiality and availability of electronic data and systems, forgery and fraud, computer crimes, content related offenses, such as those which are related to child pornography and violations of the intellectual property rights (IPRs). Taking this another step forward there are threats to the critical infrastructure and national interests are arising from the use of the internet for criminal and terrorist activities which has become a growing concern over the past few years. The damage incurred to governments, businesses and individuals in these countries in which the internet is used widely, is fast gaining scope and importance. Consumers have started losing confidence in transactions and businesses, due to this opportunity costs may rise to substantial heights. Information technology has had a massive impact on people from all walks of life, all around the world. Major developments in ICT has made it possible for a transition of information processing, storage and dissemination, from paper to virtual, which is now setting new heights of speed, accuracy and efficiency in all human activities. Latest computerized databases are being extensively used to store all forms of confidential data of political, economic, social or personal nature for the support

Cadet Entrance Response Essay Example for Free

Cadet Entrance Response Essay Compose your own response. What are the most important qualities in becoming a successful USMA cadet and a successful Army officer? Resilience, dedication and leadership are qualities befitting for a successful USMA cadet and a successful Army officer. Resilience is not only an essential quality for becoming a successful cadet or officer, it is also essential for your life. Resilience is the ability to resurrect one’s self from hard times, to never give up, and displays ones mental strength. In the academy I’ve heard that on a cadet’s first year they undergo times of overwhelming stress in tests of emotional stability, perseverance, and ability to organize and perform under stress. With resilience and resolve a cadet will be able to overcome these stressful obstacles. Likewise, discipline is another quality in becoming a successful USMA cadet and a successful Army officer. At times resilience may complement dedication because when one dedicates their self to something, one needs the resolve to continue on with it and never give up. Dedication shows ones loyalty, commitment, and devotion, in which is an important trait when offering one’s service to their country. To finish, a successful USMA cadet and Army officer should have the quality of leadership. As a leader one must offer guidance and work together as a team to get things done efficiently. Leadership brings out control and order in a group. Showing resilience and dedication as a leader conveys a sense of trustworthiness and cooperation among their followers. Any person with a position of leadership needs to set a positive example in order to make their self charismatic and a successful leader. Having these qualities will show the mental strength, devotion, and management skills it takes in becoming a successful USMA cadet and Army officer.

Expectations :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

Expectations People often do things they don’t necessarily mean to do. The young Langston Hughes once stood up and pretended to have seen and been touched by Jesus. He did this not because he really saw Jesus, but because others expected it of him. Although others rejoiced on his behalf, he was ashamed for having lied to them. Similarly, I myself have undergone an experience in which I acted in a way that was foreign to my nature. At the age of eight, I was living in the Philippines. In my little town of Ilocos Norte, there was a man who was mentally retarded. To me, he was this towering giant who could easily squash little kids like a bug. People mostly stayed away from him, especially children. In fact, just the sight of him struck terror in their little hearts. As for me, I mostly avoided him. However, there were some teenage kids who made it their job to make his life miserable. For instance, whenever they saw him, they laughed and pointed at him, as well as taunting and calling him names. Nevertheless, he never talked back or yelled at them. I used to wonder why he never defended himself. After all, he could easily scare them away with a growl or a mean expression. One day, I passed by him on my way to the store. He was sitting on a chair all by himself wearing the saddest expression on his face. A part of me was tempted to go over to him and cheer him up. The other part, however, was wary and cautious of a stranger. All too soon, his tormentors showed up. Two of the boys went behind him and pushed his chair. Toppling clumsily to the ground, he looked awkward and funny. The teens all started laughing hysterically even though I found nothing remotely humorous about the situation. Nevertheless, when the boys looked at me, I started to laugh as well, pretending to have enjoyed their little joke. However, my laughter died the second I looked into the man’s eyes. Seeing his eyes shining with tears and hurt, I was horrified at my behavior. I was ashamed that not only had I laughed at him, but that I had done nothing to help him while he was being taunted and tormented. This memory and its moral lesson have stayed with me ever since. My only excuse for my shameful behavior was that I was young and easily influenced by the

Pocahontas: A Great American Myth Essay -- Native Americans History Es

Pocahontas: A Great American Myth John Smith's tales of the Indian princess, Pocahontas, have, over time, encouraged the evolution of a great American myth. According to this myth, which is common knowledge to most Americans, Pocahontas saved Smith from being killed by her father and his warriors and then fell in love with John Smith. Some versions of the myth popular among Americans include the marriage of Smith and Pocahontas. Although no one can be sure of exactly what happened almost four-hundred years ago, most historians agree that the myth is incorrect. Pocahontas did not save John Smith's life from "savages" and never showed any affection for him. The events of her life differ greatly from the myth Americans have created. Historians, such as Nancy Egloff, of the Jamestown settlement, believe Smith created the story of his attempted murder to gain fame (Vincent 1). Our sole evidence that Pocahontas saved Smith's life comes from his story in The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles (1624), but this may not be a reliable source. According to Smith, he was captured by Indians, taken to their chief, Powhatan, and was to be killed, but Pocahontas, Powhatan's daughter, saved his life (111). John Smith was captured by the Indians, but whether he was to be killed by them in the ceremony which he describes in The General History of Virginia is not certain. Smith describes a scene where all of the Indians gather around him, place his head on a stone, and Pocahontas lays her head on top of his to save him from being clubbed to death (111). Historians believe that this was not an attempt to "beat out his brains," as Smith describes (111), but rather an adoption ceremony. The Indians merely welcomed Smith into the tribe, for after the ceremony, Chief Powhatan named him his son, which Smith also describes in his General History, but attributes his acceptance to Pocahontas' love for Englishmen. This ceremony was actually a traditional ritual of the tribe, and Pocahontas played a designated role in that ritual (Chief Crazy Horse). She accepted Smith as her brother in the ritual, while Smith believed she saved his life from ruthless savages. Smith may have misinterpreted an Indian ritual, or he may have romanticized the story to gain fame, which many believe was typical of him. Some believe Smith's captivity may never have occurred... ...ey's further dramatization of the myth: It is unfortunate that this sad story, which Euro-Americans should find embarrassing, Disney makes "entertainment" and perpetuates a dishonest and self-serving myth at the expense of the Powhatan Nation. (3) Perhaps we, as Americans, enjoy this romantic tale of Indians and Europeans, our ancestors, uniting. We therefore continue to relay this obstruction of the truth from generation to generation, until the truth is no longer recognizable. Works Cited "Pocahontas." Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities. Online. Internet. January 24, 1998. Available at http: //www.apva.org /history/ pocahont.html. "John Smith." The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Baym, Nina et. all. 4th ed. Vol. 1. New York: Norton, 1994. 111. Chief Roy Crazy Horse. "Pocahontas Myth." Powhatan Nation. Online. Internet. January 24, 1998. Available http://www.powhatan.org/pocc.html. "Pocahontas." Columbia Concise Encyclopedia: Microsoft Bookshelf. Microsoft Corporation: 1993. 1. Vincent, Mal. "Preview: the historical Pocahontas." Online. Internet. 24 Jan. 1998. Available http://www.pilotonline.com/movies/mv0620his.html

Anne Carson Essay

â€Å"Early one morning words were missing.† When I first read Short Talks, I had difficulty understanding why Anne Carson wrote about what she did, and thought that some words must have been missing. I was confused as to how they all fit together and it was only after further consideration that I came to see how the sections unite into one cohesive piece. Anne Carson’s Short Talks is a series of short reflections on different subjects that at first do not seem to be related, but through her use of cyclical images and consistent use of historical facts in fiction, the piece gains a cohesive quality that unifies the work. Throughout this piece Anne Carson references many historical figures. She mentions many famous people, including Frans Kafka, Gertrude Stein, Prokofiev, and Sylvia Plath, and by referencing these people she borrows from the authority they hold in the readers mind to strengthen her own work. She even references Frans Kafka multiple times, which acts to reinforce her authority. She references him first in the short talk â€Å"On Rectification† about his life and wife, and then brings him up again in â€Å"On The Anatomy†. By having her texts refer back onto themselves in an authoritative way, she strengthens her reliability in the reader’s mind as well as the relatedness of the different Talks. Anne Carson goes further than just bringing up historical figures. She also references many historical works of art as well as facts. The way in which she does this unifies her talks in a way that seems scientifically reliable. It appears as though she has facts to base her talks on, which stops the reader from wondering for too long if she is any sort of authority on the subject. She places these historical references throughout the text to curb the readers questions, as if to say â€Å"look, I’m not making this up, see this fact? I am talking about real things, go look it up if you want.† She starts off the talks with a fact asserted alongside her assumptions. In â€Å"Homo sapiens† she says the phases of the moon were inscribed on the handles of the tools, so they could be â€Å"reminded of her presence† while they worked. While the tools may actually have had the phases of the moon inscribed upon them, it does not mean the inscriptions were used for th at purpose at all. Anne Carson asserts historical assumptions with historical fact consistently throughout her text, which serves to unify the text. Yep, she plays with that strict division between fact and fiction. I think she is showing us that the way she knows these facts is filtered through her aesthetics and her particular way of perceiving — even though she is a classics scholar, her facts are inevitably fictionalized. Anne Carson also uses many cyclical imagery to unite her work. There are many reappearing images in this work, including the moon, travel, and art, but one great use of imagery is her use of water. Water appears in many of the talks, including â€Å"On Waterproofing†. This short talk is particularly important because it gives a deeper meaning to the appearance of water. This is a very strong, emotionally charged, talk, and whenever water appears in the peace emotions seem to flow with it. In â€Å"On Waterproofing† the mother dies shortly after the father shines her shoes so they are â€Å"waterproof†. Water also appears again when she is looking for her lost lover she crosses rivers, and the strong emotions of loss are again connected with water. Water is also a very cyclical element. Water exists in the water cycle, and the water cycle is also related to the moon and its cycles. These are wonderful details to notice. I loved these sections too! Water is also important in more subtle ways throughout the text. In â€Å"On Trout† the cyclical nature of water is more subtly referred to. Trout live their lives entirely in the water, and their life cycle depends on swimming upstream to spawn. Anne Carson says that some trout do not spawn upstream, and says that these â€Å"remaining trout† survive the winter by finding somewhere very deep in the water to hide. This reference brings up imagery of both the water cycle and the life cycle of trout, but also reinforces the watery imagery throughout the text, which ultimately serves to unite the short talks as a whole.