Effects of BackGround Music on Phonological Short-Term Memory Essay

Improving recall has been the goal of many scientific studies (Higbee, 2001 Lachman, Weaver, Bandura, Elliot, & Lewkowicz, 1992). As a result, a debate surfaced on the outmatch method to achieve this goal. This study chose to focus on only two methods, emotional state and emotionally arousing words. Ones emotional state or mood is important to consider when exploring holding, because mood affects ones recall of information (Happiness-Levine & Burgess, 1997 Thaut & lEtoile, 1993). Music, depending on the type, can help induce or heighten ones mood (Rickard, 2012). This is important because, music is apart of many of peoples daily lives. Students, especially, listen to music while they study a task that relies on ones memory. Beyond just exploring mood, this study wanted to look at what type of word is best remembered. Previous look into (Doerksen & Shimamura, 2001 LaBar & Phelps, 1998 Zimmerman & Kelley, 2010) found that people tend to recall and remember emotional words better th an neutral non-emotional words. Building upon these findings is important because, if certain types of words were confirmed as inherently memorable then these words would be powerful. They could be used as powerful tools for writing memorable speeches, lectures, and advertisements. Ones mood on the job(p) in conjunction with emotional words, could lead to effortless increase in ones own ability to recall information A upstart study by Ferguson and Sheldon (2013) looked at inducing verificatory emotional states in their participants using classical music. In their study, participants listened to either 12 minutes of an upbeat hedonically positive classical music piece or a slow hedonically ambiguous classical music piece. Their results showed that participant... ...ompany.LaBar, K. S., & Phelps, E. A. (1998). Arousal-mediated memory consolidation Role of the medial temporal lobe in humans. Psychological Science, 9(6), 490-493.Lachman, M. E., Weaver, S. L., Bandura, M., Elliot, E. , & Lewkowicz, C. J. (1992). Improving memory and control beliefs through cognitive restructuring and self-generated strategies. Journal of Gerontology, 47(5), P293-P299.Salam, P., & Baddeley, A. (1989). Effects of background music on phonological short-term memory. The every quarter Journal of Experimental Psychology, 41(1), 107-122.Thaut, M. H., & de lEtoile, S. K. (1993). The effects of music on mood state-dependent recall. Journal of Music Therapy, 30(2), 70-80.Zimmerman, C. A., & Kelley, C. M. (2010). Ill remember this Effects of emotionality on memory predictions versus memory performance. Journal of Memory and Language, 62(3), 240-253.